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We establish sufficient mild conditions for a sequence of multitype Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson trees, conditioned in some sense to be large, to converge to a limiting compact metric space which we call a \emph{multitype L\'{e}vy tree}. More…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Osvaldo Angtuncio Hernández , David Clancy

The Horton-Strahler number -- also called the register function -- is a combinatorial tool that quantifies the branching complexity of a rooted tree. We study the law of the Horton-Strahler number of stable Galton-Watson trees conditioned…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Robin Khanfir

We study the scaling limit of random forest with prescribed degree sequence in the regime that the largest tree consists of all but a vanishing fraction of nodes. We give a description of the limit of the forest consisting of the small…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Tao Lei

Motivated by the study of random temporal networks, we introduce a class of random trees that we coin \emph{uniform temporal trees}. A uniform temporal tree is obtained by assigning independent uniform $[0,1]$ labels to the edges of a…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-23 Caelan Atamanchuk , Luc Devroye , Gabor Lugosi

We show that large critical multi-type Galton-Watson trees, when conditioned to be large, converge locally in distribution to an infinite tree which is analoguous to Kesten's infinite monotype Galton-Watson tree. This is proven when we…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-02 Robin Stephenson

We consider a uniform spanning tree in a $\delta$-square grid approximation of a planar domain $\Omega$. For given integer $n\ge 2$, we condition the tree on the following $n$-arm event: we pick $n$ branches, emanating from $n$ points…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Nathanaël Berestycki , Marcin Lis , Mingchang Liu , Eveliina Peltola

We introduce weights on the unrooted unlabelled plane trees as follows: let $\mu$ be a probability measure on the set of nonnegative integers whose mean is no larger than $1$; then the $\mu$-weight of a plane tree $t$ is defined as $\Pi \,…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-02 Minmin Wang

We discuss various forms of convergence of the vicinity of a uniformly at random selected vertex in random simply generated trees, as the size tends to infinity. For the standard case of a critical Galton-Watson tree conditioned to be large…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-09 Benedikt Stufler

We study fine properties of the so-called stable trees, which are the scaling limits of critical Galton-Watson trees conditioned to be large. In particular we derive the exact Hausdorff measure function for Aldous' continuum random tree and…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas Duquesne , Jean-Francois Le Gall

Drmota and Gittenberger (1997) proved a conjecture due to Aldous (1991) on the height profile of a Galton-Watson tree with an offspring distribution of finite variance, conditioned on a total size of $n$ individuals. The conjecture states…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-01-20 Götz Kersting

We study random Peano paths on planar square grids that arise from fair random spanning trees. These are trees that are sampled in such a way as to have the same (if possible) edge probabilities. In particular, we are interested in…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-23 Nathan Albin , Joan Lind , Pietro Poggi-Corradini

A classical result of Koml\'os, S\'ark\"ozy and Szemer\'edi states that every $n$-vertex graph with minimum degree at least $(1/2+ o(1))n$ contains every $n$-vertex tree with maximum degree $O(n/\log{n})$ as a subgraph, and the bounds on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-14 Felix Joos , Jaehoon Kim

A finite graph embedded in the plane is called a series-parallel map if it can be obtained from a finite tree by repeatedly subdividing and doubling edges. We study the scaling limit of weighted random two-connected series-parallel maps…

We study preferential attachment models where vertices enter the network with i.i.d. random numbers of edges that we call the out-degree. We identify the local limit of such models, substantially extending the work of Berger et al.(2014).…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Alessandro Garavaglia , Rajat Subhra Hazra , Remco van der Hofstad , Rounak Ray

We consider maps which are constructed from plane trees by assigning marks to the corners of each vertex and then connecting each pair of consecutive marks on their contour by a single edge. A measure is defined on the set of such maps by…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-02-22 Daniel Amankwah , Sigurdur Örn Stefánsson

We use the Mass Transport Principle to analyze the local recursion governing the resolvent $(A-z)^{-1}$ of the adjacency operator of unimodular random trees. In the limit where the complex parameter $z$ approaches a given location $\lambda$…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-30 Justin Salez

We obtain assumption-free, non-asymptotic, uniform bounds on the product of the height and the width of uniformly random trees with a given degree sequence, conditioned Bienaym\'e trees and simply generated trees. We show that for a tree of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Serte Donderwinkel , Robin Khanfir

We study the local convergence of critical Galton-Watson trees and Levy trees under various conditionings. Assuming a very general monotonicity property on the functional of random trees, we show that random trees conditioned to have large…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-08-11 Xin He

We introduce an extension of the P\'olya tree approach for constructing distributions on the space of probability measures. By using optional stopping and optional choice of splitting variables, the construction gives rise to random…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-10-05 Wing H. Wong , Li Ma

In this paper, we address the problem of packing large trees in $G_{n,p}$. In particular, we prove the following result. Suppose that $T_1, \dotsc, T_N$ are $n$-vertex trees, each of which has maximum degree at most $(np)^{1/6} / (\log…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-03 Asaf Ferber , Wojciech Samotij