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This note discusses some of the aspects of a model for the covariance of equity returns based on a simple "isotropic" structure in which all pairwise correlations are taken to be the same value. The effect of the structure on feasible…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-29 Graham L. Giller

The econometric challenge of finding sparse mean reverting portfolios based on a subset of a large number of assets is well known. Many current state-of-the-art approaches fall into the field of co-integration theory, where the problem is…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2019-05-16 Théophile Griveau-Billion , Ben Calderhead

We introduce a covariance matrix estimator that both takes into account the heteroskedasticity of financial returns (by using an exponentially weighted moving average) and reduces the effective dimensionality of the estimation (and hence…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-12-02 Szilard Pafka , Marc Potters , Imre Kondor

Beta-sorted portfolios -- portfolios comprised of assets with similar covariation to selected risk factors -- are a popular tool in empirical finance to analyze models of (conditional) expected returns. Despite their widespread use, little…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-12 Matias D. Cattaneo , Richard K. Crump , Weining Wang

We introduce a novel approach to portfolio optimization that leverages hierarchical graph structures and the Schur complement method to systematically reduce computational complexity while preserving full covariance information. Inspired by…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-03-18 Gamal Mograby

The Markowitz mean-variance portfolio optimization model aims to balance expected return and risk when investing. However, there is a significant limitation when solving large portfolio optimization problems efficiently: the large and dense…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-06-23 Cassidy K. Buhler , Hande Y. Benson

It is well known that mean-variance portfolio selection is a time-inconsistent optimal control problem in the sense that it does not satisfy Bellman's optimality principle and therefore the usual dynamic programming approach fails. We…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2012-05-23 Christoph Czichowsky

We study the sensitivity to estimation error of portfolios optimized under various risk measures, including variance, absolute deviation, expected shortfall and maximal loss. We introduce a measure of portfolio sensitivity and test the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-12-02 Imre Kondor , Szilard Pafka , Gabor Nagy

It has been proposed that complex populations, such as those that arise in genomics studies, may exhibit dependencies among observations as well as among variables. This gives rise to the challenging problem of analyzing unreplicated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-08 Michael Hornstein , Roger Fan , Kerby Shedden , Shuheng Zhou

We investigate discrete-time mean-variance portfolio selection problems viewed as a Markov decision process. We transform the problems into a new model with deterministic transition function for which the Bellman optimality equation holds.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Nicole Bäuerle , Anna Jaśkiewicz

The problem of finding the optimal portfolio for investors is called the portfolio optimization problem. Such problem mainly concerns the expectation and variability of return (i.e., mean and variance). Although the variance would be the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-07-21 Kei Nakagawa , Shuhei Noma , Masaya Abe

Given multivariate time series, we study the problem of forming portfolios with maximum mean reversion while constraining the number of assets in these portfolios. We show that it can be formulated as a sparse canonical correlation analysis…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2008-02-26 Alexandre d'Aspremont

Estimation of the mean vector and covariance matrix is of central importance in the analysis of multivariate data. In the framework of generalized linear models, usually the variances are certain functions of the means with the normal…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-25 Anupam Kundu , Mohsen Pourahmadi

This paper is concerned with optimizing the global minimum-variance portfolio's (GMVP) weights in high-dimensional settings where both observation and population dimensions grow at a bounded ratio. Optimizing the GMVP weights is highly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-13 Maaz Mahadi , Tarig Ballal , Muhammad Moinuddin , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Ubaid Al-Saggaf

The optimization of large portfolios displays an inherent instability to estimation error. This poses a fundamental problem, because solutions that are not stable under sample fluctuations may look optimal for a given sample, but are, in…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2015-05-14 Susanne Still , Imre Kondor

In the present paper, using a replica analysis, we examine the portfolio optimization problem handled in previous work and discuss the minimization of investment risk under constraints of budget and expected return for the case that the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-03-09 Takashi Shinzato

We estimate the global minimum variance (GMV) portfolio in the high-dimensional case using results from random matrix theory. This approach leads to a shrinkage-type estimator which is distribution-free and it is optimal in the sense of…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-04-19 Taras Bodnar , Nestor Parolya , Wolfgang Schmid

This paper introduces \emph{biased mean regression}, estimating the \emph{biased mean}, i.e., $\mathbb{E}[Y] + x$, where $x \in \mathbb{R}$. The approach addresses a fundamental statistical problem that covers numerous applications. For…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-31 Anton Malandii , Stan Uryasev

We consider the problem of estimating high-dimensional covariance matrices of $K$-populations or classes in the setting where the sample sizes are comparable to the data dimension. We propose estimating each class covariance matrix as a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-08 Elias Raninen , David E. Tyler , Esa Ollila

Resampling techniques are widely used in statistical inference and ensemble learning, in which estimators' statistical properties are essential. However, existing methods are computationally demanding, because repetitions of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-24 Takashi Takahashi , Yoshiyuki Kabashima