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Modeling the formation of cold giant planets around M dwarfs is difficult because their disks may not contain enough solids to form massive cores and because forming giants are expected to migrate inward through disk interactions. It is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-09 Mariana Sanchez , Nienke van der Marel , Michiel Lambrechts , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper , Yamila Miguel

The chemical fingerprint of a planet reveals information about its formation history regarding when and where it formed. The water content of a planet can help to constrain its formation pathway: If the planet formed in the outer regions of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-10 Lena Chatziastros , Bertram Bitsch , Aaron David Schneider

The Kepler mission's discovery of a number of circumbinary planets orbiting close (a_p < 1.1 au) to the stellar binary raises questions as to how these planets could have formed given the intense gravitational perturbations the dual stars…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-07 S. Lines , Z. M. Leinhardt , C. Baruteau , S. -J. Paardekooper , P. J. Carter

The planet GJ 1214b is the second known super-Earth with a measured mass and radius. Orbiting a quiet M-star, it receives considerably less mass-loss driving X-ray and UV radiation than CoRoT-7b, so that the interior may be quite dissimilar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 N. Nettelmann , J. J. Fortney , U. Kramm , R. Redmer

The recently discovered low-density "super-Earths" Kepler-11b, Kepler-11f, Kepler-11d, Kepler-11e, and planets such as GJ 1214b represent most likely planets which are surrounded by dense H/He envelopes or contain deep H2O oceans also…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 N. V. Erkaev , H. Lammer , P. Odert , Yu. N. Kulikov , K. G. Kislyakova , M. L. Khodachenko , M. Güdel , A. Hanslmeier , H. Biernat

Several transiting super-Earths are expected to be discovered in the coming few years. While tools to model the interior structure of transiting planets exist, inferences about the composition are fraught with ambiguities. We present a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 L. A. Rogers , S. Seager

This paper presents a consistent description of the formation and the subsequent evolution of gaseous planets, with special attention to short-period, low-mass hot-Neptune planets characteristic of $\mu$ Ara-like systems. We show that core…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 I. Baraffe , Y. Alibert , G. Chabrier , W. Benz

We report on the characterization of the Kepler-101 planetary system, thanks to a combined DE-MCMC analysis of Kepler data and forty radial velocities obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph. This system was previously validated by Rowe et…

A significant fraction of Kepler systems are closely-packed, largely coplanar and circular. We study the stability of a 6-planet system, Kepler-11, to gain insights on the dynamics and formation history of such systems. Using a technique…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-14 Nikhil Mahajan , Yanqin Wu

In this work, using the simulator VPLanet, we analyze the spin evolution of some selected exoplanets due to the tidal interaction with their host star. For a rocky planet, two spin conditions are possible, the trapped rotation and the fast…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-13 Salvatore Camposeo , Francesco De Paolis , Vincenzo Orofino , Francesco Strafella , Leonardo Di Venere

The core accretion hypothesis posits that planets with significant gaseous envelopes accreted them from their protoplanetary discs after the formation of rocky/icy cores. Observations indicate that such exoplanets exist at a broad range of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 Gavin A. L. Coleman , John C. B. Papaloizou , Richard P. Nelson

A large fraction of stars host one or multiple close-in super-Earth planets. There is an active debate about whether these planets formed in situ or at greater distances from the central star and migrated to their current position. It has…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Masahiro Ogihara , Alessandro Morbidelli , Tristan Guillot

The population of hot Jupiters with adjacent planetary companions is small but growing, and inner companions appear to be a nearly ubiquitous outcome within this subset of the exoplanet census. While most hot Jupiters are believed to form…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-16 Devansh Mathur , Juliette Becker

Numerical simulations of pebble dynamics inside gas clumps formed by gravitational instability of protoplanetary discs are presented. We find that dust-mediated Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities transport pebbles inward rapidly via dense…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-16 Sergei Nayakshin

This paper reviews coagulation models for planet formation in the Kuiper Belt, emphasizing links to recent observations of our and other solar systems. At heliocentric distances of 35-50 AU, single annulus and multiannulus planetesimal…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Scott J. Kenyon

We study the formation of rocky planets by dry pebble accretion from self-consistent dust-growth models. In particular, we aim at computing the maximum core mass of a rocky planet that can sustain a thin H-He atmosphere to account for the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-06 Julia Venturini , Octavio M. Guilera , M. Paula Ronco , Christoph Mordasini

Favored theories of giant planet formation center around two main paradigms, namely the core accretion model and the gravitational instability model. These two formation scenarios support the hypothesis that the giant planet metallicities…