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By a classical result of Gauss and Kuzmin, the continued fraction expansion of a ``random'' real number contains each digit $a\in\mathbb{N}$ with asymptotic frequency $\log_2(1+1/(a(a+2)))$. We generalize this result in two directions:…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Alex Jin , Shreyas Singh , Zhuo Zhang , AJ Hildebrand

We study perturbations of random dynamical systems whose associated transfer operators admit a uniform spectral gap. We provide a $k^{\text{th}}$-order approximation for the invariant density of the associated random dynamical system. We…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-06-18 Toby Taylor-Crush

A classical result of Khinchin says that for almost all real numbers $\alpha$, the geometric mean of the first $n$ digits $a_i(\alpha)$ in the continued fraction expansion of $\alpha$ converges to a number $K = 2.6854520\ldots$ (Khinchin's…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-07-30 Francesco Cellarosi , Doug Hensley , Steven J. Miller , Jake L. Wellens

We prove a suite of dynamical results, including exactness of the transformation and piecewise-analyticity of the invariant measure, for a family of continued fraction systems, including specific examples over reals, complex numbers,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-03-07 Anton Lukyanenko , Joseph Vandehey

We develop a continued fraction algorithm in finite extensions of $\Q_p$ generalising certain algorithms in $\Q_p$, and prove the finiteness property for certain small degree extensions. We also discuss the metrical properties of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Manoj Choudhuri , Prashant J. Makadiya

Recently a new class of continued fraction algorithms, the $(N,\alpha$)-expansions, was introduced for each $N\in\mathbb{N}$, $N\geq 2$ and $\alpha \in (0,\sqrt{N}-1]$. Each of these continued fraction algorithms has only finitely many…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-10-26 Cor Kraaikamp , Niels Langeveld

We describe various properties of continued fraction expansions of complex numbers in terms of Gaussian integers. Numerous distinct such expansions are possible for a complex number. They can be arrived at through various algorithms, as…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-02-21 S. G. Dani , Arnaldo Nogueira

We give continued fraction expansions of the generating functions of Bernoulli numbers, Cauchy numbers, Euler numbers, harmonic numbers, and their generalized or related numbers. In particular, we focus on explicit forms of the convergents…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Takao Komatsu

We establish arithmetical properties and provide essential bounds for bi-sequences of approximation coefficients associated with the natural extension of maps, leading to continued fraction-like expansions. These maps are realized as the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-22 Avraham Bourla

We describe a general method of arithmetic coding of geodesics on the modular surface based on a two parameter family of continued fraction transformations studied previously by the authors. The finite rectangular structure of the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-06-01 Svetlana Katok , Ilie Ugarcovici

Zaremba's conjecture concerns a formation of continued fraction expansions for rational numbers with partial quotient bounded by an absolute constant. We present asymptotic estimates for the size of $\epsilon$-thickening of certain fractal…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Jungwon Lee

Let $\tau: I=[0, 1]\to [0, 1]$ be a piecewise convex map with countably infinite number of branches. In \cite{GIR}, the existence of absolutely continuous invariant measure (ACIM) $\mu$ for $\tau$ and the exactness of the system $(\tau,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-05-07 Md Shafiqul Islam , Paweł Góra , A H M Mahbubur Rahman

We introduce a random dynamical system related to continued fraction expansions. It uses random combination of the Gauss map and the R\'enyi (or backwards) continued fraction map. We explore the continued fraction expansions that this…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-07-22 Charlene Kalle , Tom Kempton , Evgeny Verbitskiy

We study the ergodic theory of a one-parameter family of interval maps T_alpha arising from generalized continued fraction algorithms. First of all, we prove the dependence of the metric entropy of T_alpha to be Hoelder-continuous in the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-11-01 Giulio Tiozzo

As a natural counterpart to Nakada's $\alpha$-continued fraction maps, we study a one-parameter family of continued fraction transformations with an indifferent fixed point. We prove that matching holds for Lebesgue almost every parameter…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-12-24 Charlene Kalle , Niels Langeveld , Marta Maggioni , Sara Munday

The metrical theory of the product of consecutive partial quotients is associated with the uniform Diophantine approximation, specifically to the improvements to Dirichlet's theorem. Achieving some variant forms of metrical theory in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-19 Bo Tan , Qing-Long Zhou

Given a stochastic process $\{A_n, n \geq 1\}$ taking values in natural numbers, the random continued fractions is defined as $[A_1, A_2, \cdots, A_n, \cdots]$ analogue to the continued fraction expansion of real numbers. Assume that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-05 Lulu Fang , Min Wu , Narn-Rueih Shieh , Bing Li

Expansions that furnish increasingly good approximations to real numbers are usually related to dynamical systems. Although comparing dynamical systems seems difficult in general, Lochs was able in 1964 to relate the relative speed of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Wieb Bosma , Karma Dajani , Cor Kraaikamp

We study a natural extension to complex numbers of the standard continued fractions. The basic algorithm is due to Lagrange and Gauss, though it seems to have gone mostly unnoticed as a way to create continued fractions. The new…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Cormac O'Sullivan

The nearest integer continued fraction of a real number $x$ from $[-1/2, 1/2)$ is defined. Some metrical properties of these expansions are presented. We define the approximation coefficients and give an important result on them. The main…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-06-22 Dan Lascu , George Cirlig , Ion Coltescu