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Using the reformulation in divergence form of the Euler-Lagrange equation for the Willmore functional as it was developed in "Analysis of the Willmore Functional" by T. Riviere (Invent. Math. 174), we study the limit of a local Palais-Smale…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-04-03 Yann Bernard , Tristan Riviere

We show that the Clifford torus and the totally geodesic real projective plane RP^2 in the complex projective plane CP^2 are the unique Hamiltonian stable minimal Lagrangian compact surfaces of CP^2 with genus less than or equal to 4, when…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Francisco Urbano

Spacelike Willmore surfaces in 4-dimensional Lorentzian space forms, a topic in Lorentzian conformal geometry which parallels the theory of Willmore surfaces in $S^4$, are studied in this paper. We define two kinds of transforms for such a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2008-08-16 Xiang Ma , Peng Wang

We consider surfaces in ${\mathbb R}^3$ of type ${\mathbb S}^2$ which minimize the Willmore functional with prescribed isoperimetric ratio. The existence of smooth minimizers was proved by Schygulla (Archive Rational Mechanics and Analysis,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2017-04-18 Ernst Kuwert , Yuxiang Li

This paper completes the classification of regular Lagrangian fibratiopns over compact surfaces. \cite{misha} classifies regular Lagrangian fibrations over $\mathbb{T}^2$. The main theorem in \cite{hirsch} is used in order to classify…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-01-05 D. Sepe

We establish two classification theorems for Willmore surfaces in $\mathbb{S}^2 \times \mathbb{S}^2$. Firstly, we prove that a Willmore surface which is also minimal must be either a special complex curve given by a slice or a diagonal; or,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Xiaoling Chai , Shimpei Kobayashi , Changping Wang , Zhenxiao Xie

We prove that a 2-convex closed surface $S\subset E^4$ in the four-dimensional Euclidean space $E^4$, which is either $C^2$-smooth or polyhedral, provided that each vertex is incident to at most five edges, admits a mapping of degree one to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Dmitry V. Bolotov

Donald Davis initiated the study of an $n$-dimensional analogue of the Klein bottle. This generalized Klein bottle occurs as a moduli space of planar polygons for a certain choice of side lengths. In this paper, we show that the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-04-14 Navnath Daundkar , Priyavrat Deshpande

Recently, Cohen and Vandembroucq proved that the reduced topological complexity of the Klein bottle is 4. Simultaneously and independently, we announced a proof of the same result. Mistakes were found in our argument, which was quite…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2017-02-06 Donald M. Davis

Magnetic confinement fusion devices, such as tokamaks and stellarators, are designed such that magnetic field lines lie in magnetic surfaces that form a foliation of nested genus-1 tori. The Poincar\'e-Hopf index theorem implies that only…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Christopher Berg Smiet

We obtain in arbitrary codimension a removability result on the order of singularity of weak limits and bubbles of Willmore immersions measured by the second residue. This permits to reduce significantly the number of possible bubbling…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-04-24 Alexis Michelat , Tristan Rivière

We obtain in arbitrary codimension a removability result on the order of singularity of Willmore surfaces realising the width of Willmore min-max problems on spheres. As a consequence, out of the twelve families of non-planar minimal…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-04-23 Alexis Michelat , Tristan Rivière

This paper is devoted to a study of the connection between the immersion functions of two-dimensional surfaces in Euclidean or hyperbolic spaces and classical orthogonal polynomials. After a brief description of the soliton surfaces…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-12-24 Vincent Chalifour , Alfred Michel Grundland

We consider a complete biharmonic immersed submanifold $M$ in an Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}^N$. Assume that the immersion is proper, that is, the preimage of every compact set in $\mathbb{E}^N$ is also compact in $M$. Then, we prove that…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-08-22 Kazuo Akutagawa , Shun Maeta

Constrained Willmore surfaces are conformal immersions of Riemann surfaces that are critical points of the Willmore energy $W=\int H^2$ under compactly supported infinitesimal conformal variations. Examples include all constant mean…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Christoph Bohle , G. Paul Peters , Ulrich Pinkall

A correspondence is established between a class of minimal immersed surfaces of $\mathbb{S}^3(2)$ and area-minimizing unit vector fields defined on the antipodally punctured unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^2\backslash\{N,S\}$. As a consequence, we…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-04 Fabiano Brito , Jackeline Conrado , David L. Johnson , Giovanni Nunes

We prove three optimal conformal geometric inequalities of Blatter type on the Klein bottle. These inequalities provide conformal lower bounds of the volume and involve lengths of homotopy classes of curves that are candidates to realize…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-09-28 Chady El Mir , Zeina Yassine

We propose the study of a conformally invariant functional for surfaces of complex projective plane which is closely related to the classical Willmore functional. We show that minimal surfaces of complex projective plane are critical for…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sebastian Montiel , Francisco Urbano

We study the umbilic points of Willmore surfaces in codimension 1 from the viewpoint of the conformal Gauss map. We first study the local behaviour of the conformal Gauss map near umbilic curves and prove that they are geodesics up to a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Nicolas Marque , Dorian Martino

Graphs that are critical (minimal excluded minors) for embeddability in surfaces are studied. In Part I, it was shown that graphs that are critical for embeddings into surfaces of Euler genus $k$ or for embeddings into nonorientable surface…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-04 Bojan Mohar , Petr Škoda