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Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved unprecedented success across various applications, but their substantial memory requirements pose significant challenges to current memory system designs, especially during inference. Our work…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhongchun Zhou , Chengtao Lai , Wei Zhang

The ever-increasing demand to extract temporal correlations across sequential data and perform context-based learning in this era of big data has led to the development of long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. Furthermore, there is an…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Honey Nikam , Siddharth Satyam , Shubham Sahay

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in large-scale online services, enabling sophisticated applications. However, the computational overhead of generating key-value (KV) caches in the prefill stage presents a major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shuowei Jin , Xueshen Liu , Qingzhao Zhang , Z. Morley Mao

One key requirement for storage clouds is to be able to retrieve data quickly. Recent system measurements have shown that the data retrieving delay in storage clouds is highly variable, which may result in a long latency tail. One crucial…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Yin Sun , Zizhan Zheng , C. Emre Koksal , Kyu-Han Kim , Ness B. Shroff

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become extremely potent instruments with exceptional capacities for comprehending and producing human-like text in a wide range of applications. However, the increasing size and complexity of LLMs present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yingbing Huang , Lily Jiaxin Wan , Hanchen Ye , Manvi Jha , Jinghua Wang , Yuhong Li , Xiaofan Zhang , Deming Chen

To alleviate the memory bandwidth bottleneck in Large Language Model (LLM) inference workloads, weight matrices are stored in memory in quantized and sparsified formats. Hence, before tiles of these matrices can be processed by in-core…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Gerasimos Gerogiannis , Stijn Eyerman , Evangelos Georganas , Wim Heirman , Josep Torrellas

Caching has the potential to be of significant benefit for accessing large language models (LLMs) due to their high latencies which typically range from a small number of seconds to well over a minute. Furthermore, many LLMs charge money…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Arun Iyengar , Ashish Kundu , Ramana Kompella , Sai Nandan Mamidi

Locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) based frameworks have been used efficiently to select weight vectors in a dense hidden layer with high cosine similarity to an input, enabling dynamic pruning. While this type of scheme has been shown to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Tahseen Rabbani , Marco Bornstein , Furong Huang

There emerges a promising trend of using large language models (LLMs) to generate code-like plans for complex inference tasks such as visual reasoning. This paradigm, known as LLM-based planning, provides flexibility in problem solving and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Pengbo Hu , Ji Qi , Xingyu Li , Hong Li , Xinqi Wang , Bing Quan , Ruiyu Wang , Yi Zhou

The next-generation non-volatile memory (NVM) is striding into computer systems as a new tier as it incorporates both DRAM's byte-addressability and disk's persistency. Researchers and practitioners have considered building persistent…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Chongnan Ye , Chundong Wang

The increase in data storage and power consumption at data-centers has made it imperative to design energy efficient Distributed Storage Systems (DSS). The energy efficiency of DSS is strongly influenced not only by the volume of data,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-05-25 Akshay Kumar , Ravi Tandon , T. Charles Clancy

As LLMs and foundation models scale, checkpoint/restore has become a critical pattern for training and inference. With 3D parallelism (tensor, pipeline, data), checkpointing involves many processes, each managing numerous tensors of varying…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Mikaila J. Gossman , Avinash Maurya , Bogdan Nicolae , Jon C. Calhoun

Over recent years, an increasing amount of compute and data has been poured into training large language models (LLMs), usually by doing one-pass learning on as many tokens as possible randomly selected from large-scale web corpora. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Kushal Tirumala , Daniel Simig , Armen Aghajanyan , Ari S. Morcos

KV cache has traditionally been stored in GPU memory to accelerate the decoding phase of large language model (LLM) inference. However, it is increasingly necessary to move KV caches outside GPU devices, to enable cache reuse across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Yuhan Liu , Yihua Cheng , Jiayi Yao , Yuwei An , Xiaokun Chen , Shaoting Feng , Yuyang Huang , Samuel Shen , Rui Zhang , Kuntai Du , Junchen Jiang

Language models (LMs) underpin emerging mobile and embedded AI applications like meeting and video summarization and document analysis, which often require processing multiple long-context inputs. Running an LM locally on-device improves…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Huawei Zhang , Chunwei Xia , Zheng Wang

Distributed tracing serves as a fundamental element in the monitoring of cloud-based and datacenter systems. It provides visibility into the full lifecycle of a request or operation across multiple services, which is essential for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Zhuangbin Chen , Zhihan Jiang , Yuxin Su , Michael R. Lyu , Zibin Zheng

The Big Data trend is putting strain on modern storage systems, which have to support high-performance I/O accesses for the large quantities of data. With the prevalent Von Neumann computing architecture, this data is constantly moved back…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Corne Lukken , Giulia Frascaria , Animesh Trivedi

We propose BS-tree, an in-memory implementation of the B+-tree that adopts the structure of the disk-based index (i.e., a balanced, multiway tree), setting the node size to a memory block that can be processed fast and in parallel using…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Dimitrios Tsitsigkos , Achilleas Michalopoulos , Nikos Mamoulis , Manolis Terrovitis

With emerging storage-class memory (SCM) nearing commercialization, there is evidence that it will deliver the much-anticipated high density and access latencies within only a few factors of DRAM. Nevertheless, the latency-sensitive nature…

Large language models (LLMs) excel at capturing semantic nuances and therefore show impressive relevance ranking performance in modern recommendation and search systems. However, they suffer from high computational overhead under industrial…