Related papers: On the work of internal forces
Standard lore holds that magnetic forces are incapable of doing mechanical work. More precisely, the claim is that whenever it appears that a magnetic force is doing work, the work is actually being done by another force, with the magnetic…
We derive exact expressions for the scalar and electromagnetic self-forces and self-torques acting on arbitrary static extended bodies in arbitrary static spacetimes with any number of dimensions. Non-perturbatively, our results are…
"Intrinsic motivation" refers to the capacity for intelligent systems to be motivated endogenously, i.e. by features of agential architecture itself rather than by learned associations between action and reward. This paper views active…
Via numerical simulations and analytical calculations, depletion forces are studied in mixtures of small and big particles that interact via soft repulsive potentials. While big particles are spherical, small particles are nonspherical with…
Thermodynamic properties of a Yukawa system consisting of dust particles in plasma are studied in presence of an external magnetic field. It is assumed that dust particles interact with each other by modified potential in presence of…
Density functional theory is usually formulated in terms of the density in configuration space. Functionals of the momentum-space density have also been studied, and yet other densities could be considered. We offer a unified view from a…
We study the thermodynamic formalism of systems where the potential depends randomly on an exterior system. We define the {\em pressure out of equilibrium} for such a family of potentials, and prove a corresponding variational principle. We…
Recent advances in quantum thermodynamics have been focusing on ever more elementary systems of interest, approaching the limit of a single qubit, with correlations, strong coupling and non-equilibrium environments coming into play. Under…
We propose a concept of autonomous energy transducer at a molecular scale, where output is produced with small input energy, of the same order of the thermal energy, without restriction of magnitude or timing of input, and without any…
We consider the thermodynamic approach to the description of economic systems and processes. The first and second laws of thermodynamics as applied to economic systems are derived and analyzed. It is shown that there is a deep analogy…
The possibility of a controlled manipulation with molecules at the nanoscale allows us to gain net work from thermal energy, although this seems to be in contradiction to the Second Law of thermodynamics. Any manipulation, however, causes…
Even after over 150 years of discussion, the interpretation of the second law of thermodynamics continues to be a source of confusion and controversy in physics. This confusion has been accentuated by recent challenges to the second law and…
We modify Hamiltonian mechanics. We reformulate the law of conservation of energy.
We show a formal result of the longitudinal force acting on a moving potential. The potential can be velocity-dependent, which appears in various interesting physical systems, such as electrons in the presence of a magnetic flux-line, or…
With the eigenfunctional theory, we study a general interacting electron system, and give a rigorous expression of its ground state energy which is composed of two parts, one part is contributed by the non-interacting electrons, and another…
Climate Change is an incredibly complicated problem that humanity faces. When many variables interact with each other, it can be difficult for humans to grasp the causes and effects of the very large-scale problem of climate change. The…
Given the evolution of an arbitrary open quantum system, we formulate a general and unambiguous method to separate the internal energy change of the system into an entropy-related contribution and a part causing no entropy change,…
This work presents a tentative discussion of certain aspects of energy behavior in the context of mathematical fluid dynamics. While some observations are made regarding certain patterns in energy behavior under particular conditions, the…
Inertial effects can affect several properties of physical systems. In particular, in the context of quantum mechanics, such effects have been studied in diverse contexts. In this paper, starting from the Schr\"{o}dinger equation for a…
In some cases, it is possible to show the conservation of energy by using equations of motion in mechanics. By considering these results, some people can think that the conservation of energy is the result of equations of motion or Newton's…