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We apply non-linear WKB analysis to the study of the string equation. Even though the solutions obtained with this method are not exact, they approximate extremely well the true solutions, as we explicitly show using numerical simulations.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-01 F. Fucito , A. Gamba , M. Martellini , O. Ragnisco

The Burrows-Wheeler-Transform (BWT), a reversible string transformation, is one of the fundamental components of many current data structures in string processing. It is central in data compression, as well as in efficient query algorithms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Sara Giuliani , Shunsuke Inenaga , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Nicola Prezza , Marinella Sciortino , Anna Toffanello

Introduced about thirty years ago in the field of Data Compression, the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is a string transformation that, besides being a booster of the performance of memoryless compressors, plays a fundamental role in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Raffaele Giancarlo , Giovanni Manzini , Antonio Restivo , Giovanna Rosone , Marinella Sciortino

After reviewing the $\beta$-function equations for consistent string backgrounds in the $\sigma$-model approach, including metric and antisymmetric tensor, dilaton and tachyon potential, we apply this formalism to WZW models. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 Adel Bilal

Detecting all the strings that occur in a text more frequently or less frequently than expected according to an IID or a Markov model is a basic problem in string mining, yet current algorithms are based on data structures that are either…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-13 Djamal Belazzougui , Fabio Cunial

The noncritical $4D$ $\cW_3$ string is a model of $\cW_3$ gravity coupled to two free scalar fields. In this paper we discuss its BRST quantization in direct analogy with that of the $2D$ (Virasoro) string. The physical operators form a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 Peter Bouwknegt , Jim McCarthy , Krzysztof Pilch

Bosonic string theory with the possibility for an arbitrary number of strings - i.e. a string field theory - is formulated by a Hilbert space (a Fock space), which is just that for massless noninteracting scalars. We earlier presented this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-04 Holger B. Nielsen , Masao Ninomiya

A class of exactly solvable string models can be obtained by starting with flat space and combining T-duality and shifts of angular coordinates of several polar planes. The models are the analog of the Lunin-Maldacena \beta-deformation of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 Jorge G. Russo

The noncritical $D=4$ $W_3$ string is a model of $W_3$ gravity coupled to two free scalar fields. In this paper we discuss its BRST quantization in direct analogy with that of the $D=2$ (Virasoro) string. In particular, we calculate the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 Peter Bouwknegt , Jim McCarthy , Krzysztof Pilch

There is increasing interest in applying verification tools to programs that have bitvector operations. SMT solvers, which serve as a foundation for these tools, have thus increased support for bitvector reasoning through bit-blasting and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Yuandong Cyrus Liu , Ton-Chanh Le , Eric Koskinen

We present OSTRICH2, the latest evolution of the SMT solver OSTRICH for string constraints. OSTRICH2 supports a wide range of complex functions on strings and provides completeness guarantees for a substantial fragment of string…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Matthew Hague , Denghang Hu , Artur Jeż , Anthony W. Lin , Oliver Markgraf , Philipp Rümmer , Zhilin Wu

We investigate the string theory on three dimensional black holes discovered by Ba\~{n}ados, Teitelboim and Zanelli in the framework of conformal field theory. The model is described by an orbifold of the $\widetilde{SL}(2,R)$ WZW model.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Makoto Natsuume , Yuji Satoh

This article presents an alternative approach to finite elements for modeling and analyzing 3D static mooring lines using string theory and the shooting method (SM) to solve two-point boundary value problems (TPBVPs) for 3D nonlinear static…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Florian Surmont

We extend the model of string as a polymer of string bits to the case of superstring. We mainly concentrate on type II-B superstring, with some discussion of the obstacles presented by not II-B superstring, together with possible strategies…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-19 Oren Bergman , Charles B. Thorn

This thesis is a study of two dimensional noncritical string theory. The main tool which is used, is the matrix model. Introductions to both the Liouville model and its matrix model formulation are included. In particular the special states…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Ulf H. Danielsson

Variance reduction techniques such as SPIDER/SARAH/STORM have been extensively studied to improve the convergence rates of stochastic non-convex optimization, which usually maintain and update a sequence of estimators for a single function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Wei Jiang , Gang Li , Yibo Wang , Lijun Zhang , Tianbao Yang

We apply Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers in the context of finding chiral heterotic string models with positive cosmological constant from $\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2$ orbifolds. The power…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-03-17 Alon E. Faraggi , Benjamin Percival , Sven Schewe , Dominik Wojtczak

String theory is the most promising candidate for the theory unifying all interactions including gravity. It has an extremely difficult dynamics. Therefore, it is useful to study some its simplifications. One of them is non-critical string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Sergei Alexandrov

We obtain systematic approximations for the modes of vibration of a string of variable density, which is held fixed at its ends. These approximations are obtained iteratively applying three theorems which are proved in the paper and which…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Paolo Amore

We show that $4$-dimensional Robertson-Walker spacetimes can be constructed for which all of the beta functions vanish to leading order, yielding consistent string theory without extra dimensions. We find that there is a unique static…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-02-03 Jaroslaw S. Jaracz