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Progress on string theory in curved spacetimes since 1992 are reviewed. After a short introduction on strings in Minkowski and curved spacetimes, we focus on strings in cosmological spacetimes. The classical behaviour of strings in FRW and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-25 H. J. de Vega , N. Sánchez

We present a class of solvable models that resemble string theories in many respects but have a strikingly different non-perturbative sector. In particular, there are no exponentially small contributions to perturbation theory in the string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Clifford V. Johnson

String-bit models are both an efficient way of organizing string perturbation theory, and a possible non-perturbative composite description of string theory. This is a summary of ideas and results of string-bit and superstring-bit models,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 Oren Bergman

{\bf Exact} solutions of the string equations of motion and constraints are {\bf systematically} constructed in de Sitter spacetime using the dressing method of soliton theory. The string dynamics in de Sitter spacetime is integrable due to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 F. Combes , H. J. de Vega , A. V. Mikhailov , N. Sánchez

String matching is a fundamental problem in computer science, with critical applications in text retrieval, bioinformatics, and data analysis. Among the numerous solutions that have emerged for this problem in recent decades,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Simone Faro , Arianna Pavone , Caterina Viola

In this manuscript we study Liouvillian non-integrability of strings in $AdS_{6}\times S^{2}\times\Sigma$ background. We consider soliton strings and look for simple solutions in order to reduce the equations to only one linear second order…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-05-05 G. Alencar , M. O. Tahim

Sublinear time quantum algorithms have been established for many fundamental problems on strings. This work demonstrates that new, faster quantum algorithms can be designed when the string is highly compressible. We focus on two popular and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Daniel Gibney , Sharma V. Thankachan

We analyze the problem of calculating the solutions and the spectrum of a string with arbitrary density and fixed ends. We build a perturbative scheme which uses a basis of WKB-type functions and obtain explicit expressions for the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Paolo Amore

Z3-Noodler is a fork of Z3 that replaces its string theory solver with a custom solver implementing the recently introduced stabilization-based algorithm for solving word equations with regular constraints. An extensive experimental…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Yu-Fang Chen , David Chocholatý , Vojtěch Havlena , Lukáš Holík , Ondřej Lengál , Juraj Síč

Numbers and numerical vectors account for a large portion of data. However, recently the amount of string data generated has increased dramatically. Consequently, classifying string data is a common problem in many fields. The most widely…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-24 Hitoshi Koyano , Morihiro Hayashida , Tatsuya Akutsu

Widespread use of string solvers in formal analysis of string-heavy programs has led to a growing demand for more efficient and reliable techniques which can be applied in this context, especially for real-world cases. Designing an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Murphy Berzish , Joel D. Day , Vijay Ganesh , Mitja Kulczynski , Florin Manea , Federico Mora , Dirk Nowotka

We present HornStr, the first solver for invariant synthesis for Regular Model Checking (RMC) with the specification provided in the SMT-LIB 2.6 theory of strings. It is well-known that invariant synthesis for RMC subsumes various important…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hongjian Jiang , Anthony W. Lin , Oliver Markgraf , Philipp Rümmer , Daniel Stan

We construct two new classes of exact solutions to string theory which are not of the standard plane wave or gauged WZW type. Many of these solutions have curvature singularities. The first class includes the fundamental string solution,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-17 G. T. Horowitz , A. A. Tseytlin

In this paper we study the spectrum of bosonic string theory on AdS_3. We study classical solutions of the SL(2,R) WZW model, including solutions for long strings with non-zero winding number. We show that the model has a symmetry relating…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-17 Juan Maldacena , Hirosi Ooguri

Strings are widely used in programs, especially in web applications. Integer data type occurs naturally in string-manipulating programs, and is frequently used to refer to lengths of, or positions in, strings. Analysis and testing of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Taolue Chen , Matthew Hague , Jinlong He , Denghang Hu , Anthony Widjaja Lin , Philipp Rummer , Zhilin Wu

Given a formula $F$ of satisfiability modulo theory (SMT), the classical SMT solver tries to (1) abstract $F$ as a Boolean formula $F_B$, (2) find a Boolean solution to $F_B$, and (3) check whether the Boolean solution is consistent with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Shang-Wei Lin , Si-Han Chen , Tzu-Fan Wang , Yean-Ru Chen

This is the second paper of a series of three. We construct effective open-closed superstring couplings by classically integrating out massive fields from open superstring field theories coupled to an elementary gauge invariant tadpole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-29 Carlo Maccaferri , Jakub Vošmera

We present Woorpje, a string solver for bounded word equations (i.e., equations where the length of each variable is upper bounded by a given integer). Our algorithm works by reformulating the satisfiability of bounded word equations as a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Joel D. Day , Thorsten Ehlers , Mitja Kulczynski , Florin Manea , Dirk Nowotka , Danny Bøgsted Poulsen

It has been known for some time that the SL(2,R) WZWN model reduces to Liouville theory. Here we give a direct and physical derivation of this result based on the classical string equations of motion and the proper string size. This allows…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-15 A. L. Larsen , N. Sánchez

Strings are extensively used in modern programming languages and constraints over strings of unknown length occur in a wide range of real-world applications such as software analysis and verification, testing, model checking, and web…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-08-15 Roberto Amadini , Pierre Flener , Justin Pearson , Joseph D. Scott , Peter J. Stuckey , Guido Tack