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We review a method to directly solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation in Minkowski space, both for bound and scattering states. It is based on a proper treatment of the many singularities which appear in the kernel and propagators. The off-mass…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-05-11 J. Carbonell , V. A. Karmanov

The Bethe-Salpeter (BS) equation for scalar-scalar bound states in scalar theories without derivative coupling is formulated and solved in Minkowski space. This is achieved using the perturbation theory integral representation (PTIR), which…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-11-03 Kensuke Kusaka , Anthony G. Williams

The Bethe-Salpeter (BS) equation in the ladder approximation is studied within a scalar theory: two scalar fields (constituents) with mass $m$ interacting via an exchange of a scalar field (tieon) with mass $\mu$. The BS equation is written…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 G. V. Efimov

The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) for bound states in scalar theories is reformulated and solved in terms of a generalized spectral representation directly in Minkowski space. This differs from the conventional approach, where the BSE is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 K. Kusaka , K. M. Simpson , A. G. Williams

We have calculated the electromagnetic elastic form factor of a two body scalar bound state. The Bethe-Salpeter equation is solved directly in the Minkowski space using the Perturbation Theory Integral Representation. At soft coupling…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Vladimir Sauli

A new method of solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for a pseudoscalar quark-antiquark bound state is proposed. With the help of an integral representation, the results are directly obtained in Minkowski space. Dressing of Green's…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-18 V. Sauli

By application of the 'geometric spectral inversion' technique, which we have recently generalized to accommodate also singular interaction potentials, we construct from spectral data emerging from the solution of the Minkowski-space…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Richard L. Hall , Wolfgang Lucha

We explore the connection between the four-dimensional Minkowski-space Bethe-Salpeter equation and its light-front projection, emphasizing the implications for bound-state dynamics. Our approach incorporates dressed particles, such as…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-21 Wayne de Paula , Tobias Frederico

The Bethe-Salpeter equation for a pseudoscalar bound-system, with i) a ladder kernel with massive gluons, ii) dynamically-dressed quark mass function and iii) an extended quark-gluon vertex, is solved in Minkowski space by using the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-23 A. Castro , W. de Paula , E. Ydrefors , T. Frederico , G. Salme

The Bethe-Salpeter amplitude is expanded on a hyperspherical basis, thereby reducing the original 4-dimensional integral equation into an infinite set of coupled 1-dimensional ones. It is shown that this representation offers a highly…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-08-17 Taco Nieuwenhuis , J. A. Tjon

Some results obtained by a new method for solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation are presented. The method is valid for any kernel given by irreducible Feynman graphs. The Bethe-Salpeter amplitude, both in Minkowski and in Euclidean spaces,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 V. A. Karmanov , J. Carbonell , M. Mangin-Brinet

We propose a method to reconstruct the Bethe-Salpeter amplitude in Minkowski space given the Euclidean Bethe-Salpeter amplitude -- or alternatively the Light-Front wave function -- as input. The method is based on the numerical inversion of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-03-08 J. Carbonell , T. Frederico , V. A. Karmanov

The Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes of the bound states formed by two scalar particles with unequal masses are analyzed in the massive scalar particle exchange ladder model. The norms of the amplitudes are calculated numerically, and it is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-28 I. Fukui , N. Setoh

The off-mass shell scattering amplitude, satisfying the Bethe-Salpeter equation for spinless particles in Minkowski space with the ladder kernel, is computed for the first time.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-17 J. Carbonell , V. A. Karmanov

The Bethe-Salpeter equation for Wick-Cutkosky like models is solved in dressed ladder approximation. The bare vertex truncation of the Dyson-Schwinger equations for propagators is combined with the dressed ladder Bethe-Salpeter equation for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 Vladimir Sauli , Jiri Adam

The problem of calculating of the mass spectrum of the two-body Bethe-Salpeter equation is studied with no reduction to the three-dimensional ("quasipotential") equation. The method to find the ground state and excited states for a channel…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 A. Yu. Umnikov , F. C. Khanna

The off-mass shell scattering amplitude, satisfying the Bethe-Salpeter equation for spinless particles in Minkowski space with the ladder kernel, is computed for the first time.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-12-05 V. A. Karmanov , J. Carbonell

The new method of solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for quark-antiquark pseudoscalar bound state is proposed. With the help of integral representation the results are directly obtained in Minkowski space. Dressing of Greens functions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 V. Sauli

There is a need for covariant solutions of bound state equations in order to construct realistic QCD based models of mesons and baryons. Furthermore, we ideally need to know the structure of these bound states in all kinematical regimes,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. G. Williams , K. Kusaka , K. M. Simpson

We study the three-quark ladder Bethe--Salpeter equation in Minkowski-space QCD$_2$ in the light-cone gauge. Using the quasi-potential expansion, we project the baryon equation onto the light front and show that, at leading order in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-11 Satvir Kaur , Sreeraj Nair , Chandan Mondal , Jiangshan Lan , Xingbo Zhao , J. P. B. C. de Melo , Tobias Frederico