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Measures of linear dependence (coherence) and nonlinear dependence (phase synchronization) between any number of multivariate time series are defined. The measures are expressed as the sum of lagged dependence and instantaneous dependence.…

Methodology · Statistics 2007-11-12 Roberto D. Pascual-Marqui

Real-world phenomena that can be formulated as signals are often affected by a number of factors and appear as multi-component modes. To understand and process such phenomena, "divide-and-conquer" is probably the most common strategy to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-30 Lin Li , Charles K. Chui , Qingtang Jiang

Most neural speech codecs achieve bitrate adjustment through intra-frame mechanisms, such as codebook dropout, at a Constant Frame Rate (CFR). However, speech segments inherently have time-varying information density (e.g., silent intervals…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-09 Hanglei Zhang , Yiwei Guo , Zhihan Li , Xiang Hao , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

A definition of frequency (cycles per unit-time) based on an approximate reconstruction of the phase-space trajectory of an oscillator from a signal is introduced. It is shown to be invariant under linear filtering, and therefore…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-10 A G Rossberg

In this paper, we propose a time-frequency analysis method to obtain instantaneous frequencies and the corresponding decomposition by solving an optimization problem. In this optimization problem, the basis to decompose the signal is not…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-14 Thomas Y. Hou , Zuoqiang Shi

Time series forecasting typically needs to address non-stationary data with evolving trend and seasonal patterns. To address the non-stationarity, reversible instance normalization has been recently proposed to alleviate impacts from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Weiwei Ye , Songgaojun Deng , Qiaosha Zou , Ning Gui

The recovery of bandlimited signals with high dynamic range is a hot issue in sampling research. The unlimited sampling theory expands the recordable range of traditional analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) arbitrarily, and the signal is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-20 Hui Zhao , Bing-Zhao Li

Single-mode optical fiber is a highly efficient connecting medium, used not only for optical telecommunications but also for the dissemination of ultra-stable frequencies or timing signals. In 1994, Ma, Jungner, Ye and Hall described a…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-17 Gesine Grosche

This technical note is on digital filters for the high-fidelity estimation of a sinusoidal signal's frequency in the presence of additive noise. The complex noise is assumed to be white (i.e. uncorrelated) however it need not be Gaussian.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-15 Hugh Lachlan Kennedy

Integer-Forcing (IF) is a new framework, based on compute-and-forward, for decoding multiple integer linear combinations from the output of a Gaussian multiple-input multiple-output channel. This work applies the IF approach to arrive at a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-30 Or Ordentlich , Uri Erez

We demonstrate by means of a simple example that the arbitrariness of defining a phase from an aperiodic signal is not just an academic problem, but is more serious and fundamental. Decomposition of the signal into components with positive…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander Kraskov , Thomas Kreuz , Ralph G. Andrzejak , Harald Stoegbauer , Walter Nadler , Peter Grassberger

Time-frequency (TF) filtering of analog signals has played a crucial role in the development of radio-frequency communications, and is currently being recognized as an essential capability for communications, both classical and quantum, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-29 Michael G. Raymer , Konrad Banaszek

In this paper, a novel decomposition method for non-stationary and nonlinear signals is proposed. This method is inspired by the adaptive wavelet filter bank of the empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and Fourier intrinsic band functions…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-03 Wei Zhou , Zhongren Feng , Xiongjiang Wang , Hao Lv

Time-frequency analysis (TFA) techniques play an important role in the field of machine fault diagnosis attributing to their superiority in dealing with nonstationary signals. Synchroextracting transform (SET) and transient-extracting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-09 Yunlong Ma , Gang Yu , Tianran Lin , Qingtang Jiang

Finite impulse response (FIR) graph filters play a crucial role in the field of signal processing on graphs. However, when the graph signal is time-varying, the state of the art FIR graph filters do not capture the time variations of the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Elvin Isufi , Geert Leus , Paolo Banelli

In this paper, we consider signals with intra-wave frequency modulation. To handle this kind of signals effectively, we generalize our data-driven time-frequency analysis by using a shape function to describe the intra-wave frequency…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-27 Thomas Y. Hou , Zuoqiang Shi

Integrate-and-fire time encoding machines (IF-TEMs) provide an efficient framework for asynchronous sampling of bandlimited signals through discrete firing times. However, conventional IF-TEMs often exhibit excessive oversampling, leading…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Anshu Arora , Kaluguri Yashaswini , Satish Mulleti

This paper investigates the effects of setting the sampling frequency significantly higher than conventional guidelines in system identification. Although continuous-time identification methods resolve the numerical difficulties encountered…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Ichiro Maruta , Toshiharu Sugie

Current approaches for time series forecasting, whether in the time or frequency domain, predominantly use deep learning models based on linear layers or transformers. They often encode time series data in a black-box manner and rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Cheng He , Xijie Liang , Zengrong Zheng , Patrick P. C. Lee , Xu Huang , Zhaoyi Li , Hong Xie , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Automatically determining the number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and their center frequencies in Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) remains an open mathematical challenge. Existing methods rely on heuristic settings,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Chenjie Zhong , Zhipeng Li , Shangzhi Xu , Xiaohu Li , Luodan Zhang , Jianjun Yuan