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Recognizing whether a planet can support life is a primary goal of future exoplanet spectral characterization missions, but past research on habitability assessment has largely ignored the vastly different conditions that have existed in…

With the detection of extrasolar moons (exomoons) on the horizon, it is important to consider their potential for habitability. If we consider the circumstellar Habitable Zone (HZ, often described in terms of planet semi-major axis and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Duncan Forgan , David Kipping

During the post-main sequence phase of stellar evolution the orbital distance of the habitable zone, which allows for liquid surface water on terrestrial planets, moves out past the system's original frost line, providing an opportunity for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-25 Thea Kozakis , Lisa Kaltenegger

The concept of the Circumstellar Habitable Zone has served the scientific community well for some decades. It slips easily off the tongue, and it would be hard to replace. Recently, however, several workers have postulated types of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-15 Martin J. Heath , Laurance R. Doyle

We use a three-dimensional model to calculate steady-state climates at various intervals in Earth's future, across a parameter space of increasing insolation and decreasing CO$_2$ mixing ratio. Comparison with prior results shows an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-22 Jacob Haqq-Misra , Eric Wolf

Habitability is a measure of an environment's potential to support life, and a habitable exoplanet supports liquid water on its surface. However, a planet's success in maintaining liquid water on its surface is the end result of a complex…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Ravi kumar Kopparapu , Eric T. Wolf , Victoria S. Meadows

Habitability is usually defined as the requirement for a terrestrial planet's atmosphere to sustain liquid water. This definition can be complemented by the dynamical requirement that other planets in the system do not gravitationally…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Kristen Menou , Serge Tabachnik

The aim of this study is to analyze the Earth habitability with respect to the direct exposition of the Earth atmosphere to the solar wind along the Suns evolution on the main sequence including the realistic evolution of the space weather…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-08 J. Varela , A. S. Brun , A. Strugarek , V. Reville , P. Zarka , F. Pantellini

We investigate a new class of habitable planets composed of water-rich interiors with massive oceans underlying H2-rich atmospheres, referred to here as Hycean worlds. With densities between those of rocky super-Earths and more extended…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-08 Nikku Madhusudhan , Anjali A. A. Piette , Savvas Constantinou

Planetary obliquity and eccentricity influence climate by shaping the spatial and temporal patterns of stellar energy incident at a planet's surface, affecting both the annual mean climate and magnitude of seasonal variability. Previous…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-07 Jonathan Jernigan , Émilie Laflèche , Angela Burke , Stephanie Olson

The Habitable Zone (HZ) is defined by the possibility of sustaining liquid water on a planetary surface. In the Solar System, the HZ for a conservative climate model extends approximately between the orbits of Earth and Mars. We elaborate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-02 Amri Wandel

From analytical studies of tidal heating, eclipses and planetary illumination, it is clear that the exomoon habitable zone (EHZ) - the set of moon and host planet orbits that permit liquid water on an Earthlike moon's surface - is a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Duncan Forgan , Vergil Yotov

We have numerically studied the thermal evolution of various-mass terrestrial planets in habitable zones, focusing on duration of dynamo activity to generate their intrinsic magnetic fields, which may be one of key factors in habitability…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Chihiro Tachinami , Hiroki Senshu , Shigeru Ida

A habitable zone of a star is defined as a range of orbits within which a rocky planet can support liquid water on its surface. The most intriguing question driving the search for habitable planets is whether they host life. But is the age…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-24 M. Safonova , J. Murthy , Yu. A. Shchekinov

Hycean planets -- exoplanets with substantial water ice layers, deep surface oceans, and hydrogen-rich atmospheres -- are thought to be favorable environments for life. Due to a relative paucity of atmospheric greenhouse gases, hycean…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-17 Joseph R. Livesey , Juliette Becker , Susanna L. Widicus Weaver

Essential insights on the characterization and quality of a detectable biosphere are gained by analyzing the effects of its environmental parameters. We compiled environmental and biological properties of the Phanerozoic Eon from various…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-17 Iva Vilović , Dirk Schulze-Makuch , René Heller

The habitable zone is the circumstellar region in which a terrestrial-mass planet with an atmosphere can sustain liquid water on its surface. However, despite the usefulness of this concept, it is being found to be increasingly limiting in…

Popular Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 Ian von Hegner

The concept of a system-wide measure of the sustainment of life (habitability) for space-faring interplanetary species is introduced and explored. Although largely agnostic to the details of how interplanetary life might operate (e.g., via…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-17 Caleb Scharf

We review the thermal history of the Universe. We obtain a new estimate for the thermal history of the Earth over the past four billion years using a biological thermometer based on (1) a rough estimate of the absolute time calibration of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles H. Lineweaver , David Schwartzman

The aim of this paper is to underline conditions necessary for the emergence and development of life. They are placed at local planetary scale, at Galactic scale and within the cosmological evolution, as pointed out by the Anthropic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-04 Luigi Secco , Marco Fecchio , Francesco Marzari