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Muon optimizer has demonstrated robust results in pretraining of language models but its performance in finetuning of existing public pretrained models is not yet explored. Currently, Muon is used along with AdamW introducing a scope of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Saurabh Page , Advait Joshi , S. S. Sonawane

Model editing has become an increasingly popular alternative for efficiently updating knowledge within language models. Current methods mainly focus on reliability, generalization, and locality, with many methods excelling across these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Qi Li , Xiang Liu , Zhenheng Tang , Peijie Dong , Zeyu Li , Xinglin Pan , Xiaowen Chu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

Foundations of formal languages, as subfield of theoretical computer science, are part of typical upper secondary education curricula. There is very little research on the potential difficulties that students at this level have with this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Marko Schmellenkamp , Dennis Stanglmair , Tilman Michaeli , Thomas Zeume

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated formidable capabilities in solving mathematical problems, yet they may still commit logical reasoning and computational errors during the problem-solving process. Thus, this paper proposes a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Kuo Zhou , Lu Zhang

Modeling interoperability between programs in different languages is a key problem when modeling verified and secure compilation, which has been successfully addressed using multi-language semantics. Unfortunately, existing models of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-09-25 William J. Bowman

Context: This paper presents the concept of open programming language interpreters and the implementation of a framework-level metaobject protocol (MOP) to support them. Inquiry: We address the problem of dynamic interpreter adaptation to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Walter Cazzola , Albert Shaqiri

Mission-time Linear Temporal Logic (MLTL) is rapidly increasing in popularity as a specification logic, e.g., for runtime verification and model checking, driving a need for a trustworthy tool base for analyzing MLTL. In this work, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Katherine Kosaian , Zili Wang , Elizabeth Sloan , Kristin Rozier

Human evaluators provide necessary contributions in evaluating large language models. In the context of Machine Translation (MT) systems for low-resource languages (LRLs), this is made even more apparent since popular automated metrics tend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Carlos Rafael Catalan

Progress in AI is often demonstrated by new models claiming improved performance on tasks measuring model capabilities. Evaluating language models can be particularly challenging, as choices of how a model is evaluated on a task can lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yuling Gu , Oyvind Tafjord , Bailey Kuehl , Dany Haddad , Jesse Dodge , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

This article examines the use of the Prolog language for writing verification, analysis and transformation tools. Guided by experience in teaching and the development of verification tools like ProB or specialisation tools like ECCE and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Michael Leuschel

The paper presents the essential features of a new member of the UML language family that supports working with object-oriented frameworks. This UML extension, called UML-F, allows the explicit representation of framework variation points.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-09-25 Marcus Fontoura , Wolfgang Pree , Bernhard Rumpe

We present GOOL, a Generic Object-Oriented Language. It demonstrates that a language, with the right abstractions, can capture the essence of object-oriented programs. We show how GOOL programs can be used to generate human-readable,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Jacques Carette , Brooks MacLachlan , W. Spencer Smith

Vocabulary tests, once a cornerstone of language modeling evaluation, have been largely overlooked in the current landscape of Large Language Models (LLMs) like Llama, Mistral, and GPT. While most LLM evaluation benchmarks focus on specific…

Synchronous languages rely on formal methods to ease the development of applications in an efficient and reusable way. Formal methods have been advocated as a means of increasing the reliability of systems, especially those which are safety…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-04-20 Annie Ressouche , Daniel Gaffé , Valérie Roy

We present a framework for formal software development with UML. In contrast to previous approaches that equip UML with a formal semantics, we follow an institution based heterogeneous approach. This can express suitable formal semantics of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-04-01 Alexander Knapp , Till Mossakowski , Markus Roggenbach

AutomationML (AML) enables standardized data exchange in engineering, yet existing recommendations for proper AML modeling are typically formulated as informal and textual constraints. These constraints cannot be validated automatically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Tom Westermann , Aljosha Köcher , Felix Gehlhoff

In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive SWOT analysis of prompt engineering techniques within the realm of Large Language Models (LLMs). Emphasizing linguistic principles, we examine various techniques to identify their strengths,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Aditi Singh , Abul Ehtesham , Gaurav Kumar Gupta , Nikhil Kumar Chatta , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei

Logic has proved essential for formally modeling software based systems. Such formal descriptions, frequently called specifications, have served not only as requirements documentation and formalisation, but also for providing the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Carlos G. Lopez Pombo , Thomas S. E. Maibaum

Retrieval-augmented large language models (R-LLMs) combine pre-trained large language models (LLMs) with information retrieval systems to improve the accuracy of factual question-answering. However, current libraries for building R-LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yasuto Hoshi , Daisuke Miyashita , Youyang Ng , Kento Tatsuno , Yasuhiro Morioka , Osamu Torii , Jun Deguchi