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Prion diseases or called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the accumulation of an abnormal prion protein isoform (rich in beta-sheets - about 30% alpha-helix and 43% beta-sheet),…
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways of the lungs. It results in inflammation and narrowing of the respiratory passages, which prevents air flow into the airways and leads to frequent bouts of shortness of breath with wheezing…
An obstetric goal for a laboring mother is to achieve a vaginal delivery as it reduces the risks inherent in major abdominal surgery (i.e., a Cesarean section). Various medical interventions may be used by a physician to increase the…
Chitosan (CT) is an antibacterial polysaccharide that has been investigated for drug carriers, haemostats and wound dressings. For these applications, customised CT devices can often be obtained with specific experimental conditions, which…
The practical applications based on recurrent spiking neurons are limited due to their non-trivial learning algorithms. The temporal nature of spiking neurons is more favorable for hardware implementation where signals can be represented in…
Recent Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient studies have focused on retinal analysis, as the retina is the only part of the central nervous system which can be imaged non-invasively by optical methods. However as this is a relatively new…
Recent estimates are that about 150 million children under five years of age are stunted, with substantial negative consequences for their schooling, cognitive skills, health, and economic productivity. Therefore, understanding what…
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating health condition affecting a substantial part of the world's population. At present, there is no biological theory of MDD, and treatment is partial at best. Here I present a theory of MDD…
Cancer is recognized as a complex group of diseases, contributing to the highest global mortality rates, with increasing prevalence and a trend toward affecting younger populations. It is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of…
In vitro neuronal culture is an important research platform in cellular and network neuroscience. However, neurons cultured on a homogeneous scaffold form dense, randomly connected networks and display excessively synchronized activity;…
Among the most impactful diabetic complications are diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness among working class adults, and cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. This study describes the development of…
Exploring and establishing artificial neural networks with electrophysiological characteristics and high computational efficiency is a popular topic in the field of computer vision. Inspired by the working mechanism of primary visual…
Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in late 2019 and 2020 comprises a serious and more likely a pandemic threat worldwide. Given that the disease has not approved vaccines or drugs up to now, any efforts for drug design and or clinical trails…
Zebrafish embryos are a valuable model for drug discovery due to their optical transparency and genetic similarity to humans. However, current evaluations rely on manual inspection, which is costly and labor-intensive. While machine…
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by increased response times leading to a variety of biomechanical symptoms such as tremors, stooping and gait instability. Although the deterioration in biomechanical…
I present a theory of schizophrenia (SZ) that mechanistically explains its etiology, symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment. SZ involves the chronic release of membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their utilization for the…
Parkinson's Disease (PD) affects over 10 million people globally, with speech impairments often preceding motor symptoms by years, making speech a valuable modality for early, non-invasive detection. While recent deep-learning models…
The functions and elasticities of the cell are largely related to the structures of the cytoskeletons underlying the lipid bi-layer. Among various cell types, the Red Blood Cell (RBC) possesses a relatively simple cytoskeletal structure.…
Neonatal sepsis (NS) is responsible for over a 1 million yearly deaths worldwide. In the developing world NS is often treated without an identified microbial pathogen. Amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene can be used to…
Anti-staphylococcal penicillins (ASPs) are recommended as first-line agents in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia. Concerns about their safety profile have contributed to the increased use of cefazolin. The…