Related papers: Aliquot sequences with small starting values
The calculus of finite differences is a solid foundation for the development of operations such as the derivative and the integral for infinite sequences. Here we showed a way to extend it for finite sequences. We could then define…
The Fibonacci numbers are a sequence of integers in which every number after the first two, 0 and 1, is the sum of the two preceding numbers. These numbers are well known and algorithms to compute them are so easy that they are often used…
There are many randomness notions. On the classical account, many of them are about whether a given infinite binary sequence is random for some given probability. If so, this probability turns out to be the same for all these notions, so…
Collatz Conjecture sequences increase and decrease in seemingly random fashion. By identifying and analyzing the forms of numbers, we discover that Collatz sequences are governed by very specific, well-defined rules, which we call cascades.
Similarly to $\beta$-adic van der Corput sequences, abstract van der Corput sequences can be defined for abstract numeration systems. Under some assumptions, these sequences are low discrepancy sequences. The discrepancy function is…
We introduce the notion of numerical semigroups generated by concatenation of arithmetic sequences and show that this class of numerical semigroups exhibit multiple interesting behaviours.
In this note, we show the existence of integer sequences of lengths at least 3 (except 7) such that for every integer in position $i\equiv 1\pmod{4}$ (respectively position $j\equiv 3\pmod{4}$), counting from left to right, the sum of the…
The number of instructions of an instruction sequence is taken for its logical SLOC, and is abbreviated with LLOC. A notion of quantitative expressiveness is based on LLOC and in the special case of operation over a family of single bit…
This is a collection of 1031 formulas that were generated by a computer program in 1992. The set is the database of integer sequences as of 1992 which contained 4568 sequences. These sequences were later published in the Encyclopedia of…
It is well-known that any sequence of at least N integers contains a subsequence whose sum is 0 (mod N). However, there can be very few subsequences with this property (e.g. if the initial sequence is just N 1's, then there is only one…
We introduce a new permutation statistic, namely, the number of cycles of length $q$ consisting of consecutive integers, and consider the distribution of this statistic among the permutations of $\{1,2,...,n\}$. We determine explicit…
We consider arithmetic sequences, here defined as ordered lists of positive integers. Any such a sequence can be cast onto a quantum state, enabling the quantification of its `surprise' through von Neumann entropy. We identify typical…
The sequence starts with a(1) = 1; to extend it one writes the sequence so far as XY^k, where X and Y are strings of integers, Y is nonempty and k is as large as possible: then the next term is k. The sequence begins 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2,…
Using sequences of finite length with positive integer elements and the inversion statistic on such sequences, a collection of binomial and multinomial identities are extended to their $q$-analog form via combinatorial proofs. Using the…
An operational approach to the Collatz Conjecture is presented. Scenarios are defined as strings of characters "s" (for "spike") and "d" (for "down") which symbolize the Collatz operations (3m+1)/2 and m/2 in a Collatz Series connecting two…
Cyclic codes are an interesting subclass of linear codes and have been used in consumer electronics, data transmission technologies, broadcast systems, and computer applications due to their efficient encoding and decoding algorithms. In…
A zero-sum sequence over ${\mathbb Z}$ is a sequence with terms in ${\mathbb Z}$ that sum to $0$. It is called minimal if it does not contain a proper zero-sum subsequence. Consider a minimal zero-sum sequence over ${\mathbb Z}$ with…
Sequences diverge either because they head off to infinity or because they oscillate. Part 1 \cite{Part1} of this paper laid the pure mathematics groundwork by defining Archimedean classes of infinite numbers as limits of smooth sequences.…
Consider a finite set of sources, each producing i.i.d. observations that follow a unique probability distribution on a finite alphabet. We study the problem of matching a finite set of observed sequences to the set of sources under the…
An index $e$ in a numbering of partial-recursive functions is called minimal if every lesser index computes a different function from $e$. Since the 1960's it has been known that, in any reasonable programming language, no effective…