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In this paper, we study the word problem for automaton semigroups and automaton groups from a complexity point of view. As an intermediate concept between automaton semigroups and automaton groups, we introduce automaton-inverse semigroups,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-29 Daniele D'Angeli , Emanuele Rodaro , Jan Philipp Wächter

We consider the state complexity of basic operations on tree languages recognized by deterministic unranked tree automata. For the operations of union and intersection the upper and lower bounds of both weakly and strongly deterministic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Xiaoxue Piao , Kai Salomaa

The critical exponent of an infinite word $\bf x$ is the supremum, over all finite nonempty factors $f$, of the exponent of $f$. In this note we show that for all integers $k\geq 2,$ there is a binary infinite $k$-automatic sequence with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-25 J. -P. Allouche , N. Rampersad , J. Shallit

We show that the number of all maximal $\alpha$-gapped repeats and palindromes of a word of length $n$ is at most $3(\pi^2/6 + 5/2) \alpha n$ and $7 (\pi^2 / 6 + 1/2) \alpha n - 5 n - 1$, respectively.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Tomohiro I , Dominik Köppl

"Quantitative languages are extension of boolean languages that assign to each word a real number. Mean-payoff automata are finite automata with numerical weights on transitions that assign to each infinite path the long-run average of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-05-20 Yaron Velner

A cellular automaton with $n$ states may be used for construction of reversible second-order cellular automaton with $n^2$ states. Reversible cellular automata with hidden parameters discussed in this paper are generalization of such…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2014-03-25 Alexander Yu. Vlasov

We investigate the descriptional complexity of different variants of 1-limited automata (1-las), an extension of two-way finite automata (2nfas) characterizing regular languages. In particular, we consider 2nfas with common-guess…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Bruno Guillon , Luca Prigioniero , Javad Taheri

A complete deterministic finite (semi)automaton (DFA) with a set of states $Q$ is \emph{completely reachable} if every nonempty subset of $Q$ is the image of the action of some word applied to $Q$. The concept of completely reachable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Robert Ferens , Marek Szykuła

We introduce a new measure on regular languages: their nondeterministic syntactic complexity. It is the least degree of any extension of the `canonical boolean representation' of the syntactic monoid. Equivalently, it is the least number of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Robert Myers , Stefan Milius , Henning Urbat

We give a new characterization of primitive permutation groups tied to the notion of completely reachable automata. Also, we introduce sync-maximal permutation groups tied to the state complexity of the set of synchronizing words of certain…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Stefan Hoffmann

This paper presents and analyzes an incremental algorithm for the construction of Acyclic Non-deterministic Finite-state Automata (NFA). Automata of this type are quite useful in computational linguistics, especially for storing lexicons.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Kyriakos N. Sgarbas , Nikos D. Fakotakis , George K. Kokkinakis

We show that for any unambiguous finite automaton with $n$ states there exists an unambiguous finite automaton with $\sqrt{n+1} \cdot 2^{n/2}$ states that recognizes the complement language. This builds and improves upon a similar result by…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Emil Indzhev , Stefan Kiefer

We prove that for every $n \in \mathbb{N}$ and $\delta>0$ there exists a word $w_n \in F_2$ of length $n^{2/3} \log(n)^{3+\delta}$ which is a law for every finite group of order at most $n$. This improves upon the main result of [A. Thom,…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-02 Henry Bradford , Andreas Thom

Complex systems in a wide variety of areas such as biological modeling, image processing, and language recognition can be modeled using networks of very simple machines called finite automata. Connecting subsystems modeled using finite…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-05 Thiago Correa , Breno Gustavo , Lucas Lemos , Amber Settle

Alternating timed automata on infinite words are considered. The main result is a characterization of acceptance conditions for which the emptiness problem for these automata is decidable. This result implies new decidability results for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Pawel Parys , Igor Walukiewicz

We propose novel algorithms for sequence prediction based on ideas from stringology. These algorithms are time and space efficient and satisfy mistake bounds related to particular stringological complexity measures of the sequence. In this…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Vanessa Kosoy

This article focuses on subset reachability in synchronizing automata. First, we provide families of synchronizing automata with subsets which cannot be reached with short words. These families do not fulfil Don's Conjecture about subset…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-08 François Gonze , Raphaël M. Jungers

The generic limit set of a topological dynamical system of the smallest closed subset of the phase space that has a comeager realm of attraction. It intuitively captures the asymptotic dynamics of almost all initial conditions. It was…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-12-15 Ilkka Törmä

Limit-average automata are weighted automata on infinite words that use average to aggregate the weights seen in infinite runs. We study approximate learning problems for limit-average automata in two settings: passive and active. In the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Jakub Michaliszyn , Jan Otop

We show how to efficiently enumerate a class of finite-memory stochastic processes using the causal representation of epsilon-machines. We characterize epsilon-machines in the language of automata theory and adapt a recent algorithm for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-12-18 B. D. Johnson , J. P. Crutchfield , C. J. Ellison , C. S. McTague