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The detection and characterization of Earth-like planet is approaching rapidly thanks to radial velocity surveys (HARPS), transit searches (Corot, Kepler) and space observatories dedicated to their characterization are already in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-03 L. Kaltenegger , F. Selsis

Search for different life-forms elsewhere is the fascinating area of research in astrophysics and astrobiology. Nearly 3500 exoplanets are discovered according to NASA exoplanet archive database. Earth Similarity Index (ESI) is defined as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-30 Madhu Kashyap Jagadeesh

The habitable zone (HZ) describes the range of orbital distances around a star where the existence of liquid water on the surface of an Earth-like planet is in principle possible. While 3D climate studies can calculate the water vapor, ice…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-20 M. Godolt , J. L. Grenfell , D. Kitzmann , M. Kunze , U. Langematz , A. B. C. Patzer , H. Rauer , B. Stracke

The study of planets beyond the solar system and the search for other habitable planets and life is just beginning. Ground-based (radial velocity and transits) and space-based surveys (transits and astrometry) will identify planets spanning…

In Lammer et al. 2024, we defined Earth-like Habitats (EH) as rocky planets in the habitable zone of complex life (HZCL) on which Earth-like N$_2$-O$_2$-dominated atmospheres with minor amounts of CO$_2$ can exist and derived a formula for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-09 Manuel Scherf , Helmut Lammer , Laurenz Sproß

A habitable exoplanet is a world that can maintain stable liquid water on its surface. Techniques and approaches to characterizing such worlds are essential, as performing a census of Earth-like planets that may or may not have life will…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-22 Tyler D. Robinson

Future direct imaging space telescopes, such as NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO), will be the first capable of both detecting and characterizing terrestrial exoplanets in the habitable zones (HZ) of nearby Sun-like stars. Since…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-28 Austin Ware , Patrick Young

Planetary surface habitability has so far been considered, in the main, upon a global scale. The increasing number of 3D modelling studies of (exo)planetary climate has highlighted the need for a more nuanced understanding of surface…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-04 Hannah L. Woodward , Andrew J. Rushby , Nathan J. Mayne

An increasing number of potentially habitable terrestrial planets and planet candidates are found by ongoing planet search programs. The search for atmospheric signatures to establish planetary habitability and the presence of life might be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 P. von Paris , P. Hedelt , F. Selsis , F. Schreier , T. Trautmann

Habitability is a measure of an environment's potential to support life, and a habitable exoplanet supports liquid water on its surface. However, a planet's success in maintaining liquid water on its surface is the end result of a complex…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Ravi kumar Kopparapu , Eric T. Wolf , Victoria S. Meadows

The number of potentially habitable planets continues to increase, but we lack the time and resources to characterize all of them. With $\sim$30 known potentially habitable planets and an ever-growing number of candidate and confirmed…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-27 Austin Ware , Patrick Young , Amanda Truitt , Alexander Spacek

The search for life beyond the Solar System remains a primary goal of current and near-future missions, including NASA's upcoming Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). However, research into determining the habitability of terrestrial…

Exoplanet atmosphere characterization has seen revolutionary advances over the last few years, providing us with unique insights into atmospheric chemistry, dynamics and planet formation mechanisms. However, true solar system analog planets…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-13 Joanna K. Barstow , Beth Biller , Mei Ting Mak , Sarah Rugheimer , Amaury Triaud , Hannah R. Wakeford

Understanding planetary habitability requires a comparative approach that explores the divergent evolutionary outcomes of Earth and Venus. The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) will be uniquely positioned to conduct a statistical and…

The search for different life forms elsewhere in the universe is a fascinating area of research in astrophysics and astrobiology. Currently, according to the NASA Exoplanet Archive database, 3876 exoplanets have been discovered. The Earth…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-02 Madhu Kashyap Jagadeesh , Sagarika Rao Valluri , Vani Kari , Katarzyna Kubska , Łukasz Kaczmarek

For the first time in human history the possibility of detecting and studying Earth-like planets is on the horizon. Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF), with a launch date in the 2015 timeframe, is being planned by NASA to find and characterize…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 S. Seager , E. B. Ford , E. L. Turner

Conventional definitions of habitability require abundant liquid surface water to exist continuously over geologic timescales. Water in each of its thermodynamic phases interacts with solar and thermal radiation and is the cause for strong…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-15 Eric T. Wolf , Aomawa L. Shields , Ravi K. Kopparapu , Jacob Haqq-Misra , Owen B. Toon