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Belief Propagation algorithms are instruments used broadly to solve graphical model optimization and statistical inference problems. In the general case of a loopy Graphical Model, Belief Propagation is a heuristic which is quite successful…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-15 Andrii Riazanov , Yury Maximov , Michael Chertkov

We address the problem of computing approximate marginals in Gaussian probabilistic models by using mean field and fractional Bethe approximations. We define the Gaussian fractional Bethe free energy in terms of the moment parameters of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Botond Cseke , Tom Heskes

We present a general formalism to make the Replica-Symmetric and Replica-Symmetry-Breaking ansatz in the context of Kikuchi's Cluster Variational Method (CVM). Using replicas and the message-passing formulation of CVM we obtain a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2010-05-14 T. Rizzo , A. Lage-Castellanos , R. Mulet , F. Ricci-Tersenghi

A number of problems in statistical physics and computer science can be expressed as the computation of marginal probabilities over a Markov random field. Belief propagation, an iterative message-passing algorithm, computes exactly such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-10-23 Victorin Martin , Jean-Marc Lasgouttes , Cyril Furtlehner

Belief propagation is a widely used message passing method for the solution of probabilistic models on networks such as epidemic models, spin models, and Bayesian graphical models, but it suffers from the serious shortcoming that it works…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-04-27 Alec Kirkley , George T. Cantwell , M. E. J. Newman

It is well known that an arbitrary graphical model of statistical inference defined on a tree, i.e. on a graph without loops, is solved exactly and efficiently by an iterative Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm convergent to unique minimum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Michael Chertkov

We consider a non-projective class of inhomogeneous random graph models with interpretable parameters and a number of interesting asymptotic properties. Using the results of Bollob\'as et al. [2007], we show that i) the class of models is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-04 Juho Lee , Lancelot F. James , Seungjin Choi , François Caron

We give explicit formulas of the Bethe approximation with multipoint correlations for systems with magnetic field. The obtained formulas include the closed form of the magnetization and the correlations between adjacent degrees of freedom.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-06-16 Masayuki Ohzeki

Belief Propagation is a well-studied message-passing algorithm that runs over graphical models and can be used for approximate inference and approximation of local marginals. The resulting approximations are equivalent to the Bethe-Peierls…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Roy Alkabetz , Itai Arad

We obtain the Bethe Ansatz equations for the broken ${\bf Z}_{N}$-symmetric model by constructing a functional relation of the transfer matrix of $L$-operators. This model is an elliptic off-critical extension of the Fateev-Zamolodchikov…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Yuji Yamada

Belief Propagation (BP) is a powerful algorithm for distributed inference in probabilistic graphical models, however it quickly becomes infeasible for practical compute and memory budgets. Many efficient, non-parametric forms of BP have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Tom Yates , Yuzhou Cheng , Ignacio Alzugaray , Danyal Akarca , Pedro A. M. Mediano , Andrew J. Davison

We present new message passing algorithms for performing inference with graphical models. Our methods are designed for the most difficult inference problems where loopy belief propagation and other heuristics fail to converge. Belief…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Anna Grim , Pedro Felzenszwalb

We address the problem of uncertainty propagation in the discrete Fourier transform by modeling the fast Fourier transform as a factor graph. Building on this representation, we propose an efficient framework for approximate Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Luca Schmid , Charlotte Muth , Laurent Schmalen

Bayesian inference offers a principled account of information processing in natural agents. However, it remains an open question how neural mechanisms perform their abstract operations. We investigate a hypothesis where a distributed form…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Sepideh Adamiat , Wouter M. Kouw , Bert de Vries

Statistical systems on random networks can be formulated in terms of partition functions expressed with integrals by regarding Feynman diagrams as random networks. We consider the cases of random networks with bounded but generic degrees of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-08-18 Naoki Sasakura , Yuki Sato

The main objective of this paper is to explore the precise relationship between the Bethe free energy (or entropy) and the Shannon conditional entropy of graphical error correcting codes. The main result shows that the Bethe free energy…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-12 Nicolas Macris , Marc Vuffray

This paper considers inference over distributed linear Gaussian models using factor graphs and Gaussian belief propagation (BP). The distributed inference algorithm involves only local computation of the information matrix and of the mean…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-01 Jian Du , Shaodan Ma , Yik-Chung Wu , Soummya Kar , José M. F. Moura

In this paper we analyse Belief Propagation over a Gaussian model in a dynamic environment. Recently, this has been proposed as a method to average local measurement values by a distributed protocol ("Consensus Propagation", Moallemi & Van…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-08-10 Erik Aurell , René Pfitzner

We study several bayesian inference problems for irreversible stochastic epidemic models on networks from a statistical physics viewpoint. We derive equations which allow to accurately compute the posterior distribution of the time…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2014-03-28 Fabrizio Altarelli , Alfredo Braunstein , Luca Dall'Asta , Alejandro Lage-Castellanos , Riccardo Zecchina

We introduce a differential complex of local observables given a decomposition of a global set of random variables into subsets. Its boundary operator allows us to define a transport equation equivalent to Belief Propagation. This…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-07-28 Olivier Peltre