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Motivated by a problem in additive Ramsey theory, we extend Todorcevic's partitions of three-dimensional combinatorial cubes to handle additional three-dimensional objects. As a corollary, we get that if the continuum hypothesis fails, then…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-01-05 Ido Feldman , Assaf Rinot

The rainbow Tur{\'a}n number of a fixed graph $H$, denoted by ${\text{ex}}^*(n,H)$, is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex graph such that it admits a proper edge coloring with no rainbow $H$. We study this problem in planar…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Xiaonan Liu

Let v and w be nontrivial words in two free groups. We prove that, for all sufficiently large finite non-abelian simple groups G, there exist subsets C of v(G) and D of w(G) of size such that every element of G can be realized in at least…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-19 Michael Larsen , Pham Huu Tiep

Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph. We use $e(G)$ and $c(G)$ to denote the number of edges of $G$ and the number of colors appearing on $E(G)$, respectively. For a vertex $v\in V(G)$, the \emph{color neighborhood} of $v$ is defined as the set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-07 Shinya Fujita , Bo Ning , Chuandong Xu , Shenggui Zhang

A path in an edge-coloured graph is called \emph{rainbow path} if its edges receive pairwise distinct colours. An edge-coloured graph is said to be \emph{rainbow connected} if any two distinct vertices of the graph are connected by a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-05 Trung Duy Doan , Ingo Schiermeyer

We call a subgraph of an edge-colored graph rainbow subgraph, if all of its edges have different colors. The anti-Ramsey number of a graph $G$ in a complete graph $K_{n}$, denoted by $ar(K_{n}, G)$, is the maximum number of colors in an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-13 Chunqiu Fang , Ervin Győri , Mei Lu , Jimeng Xiao

An edge-colored graph $G$ is said to be rainbow connected if between each pair of vertices there exists a path which uses each color at most once. The rainbow connection number, denoted by $rc(G)$, is the minimum number of colors needed to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-10-14 Eduard Eiben , Robert Ganian , Juho Lauri

On relating the three primary colors namely red, green and blue with a triplet representation of the non-abelian group $SU(3)$, it is established that the three secondary and six tertiary colors along with two neutral colors transform as…

General Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Subhankar Roy , Darshana Chutia , Abhijit Das

The rainbow Tur\'an number, a natural extension of the well studied traditional Tur\'an number, was introduced in 2007 by Keevash, Mubayi, Sudakov and Verstra\"ete. The rainbow Tur\'an number of a graph $H$, $ex^{*}(n,H)$, is the largest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-28 Vic Bednar , Neal Bushaw

Let $n$, $s$, and $k$ be positive integers. We say that a sequence $f_1,\dots,f_s$ of nonnegative integers is satisfying if for any collection of $s$ families $\mathcal F_1,\dots,\mathcal F_s\subseteq [n]^k$ such that $|\mathcal F_i|=f_i$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Pitchayut Saengrungkongka

For a finite abelian group $G$, let $\beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(G)$ denote its separating Noether number. We determine $\beta_{\mathrm{sep}}(G)$ exactly for every finite abelian group $ G \cong C_{n_1}\oplus \cdots \oplus C_{n_r}$ with $ 1<n_1…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Jing Huang

Given a graph $H$, the maximal anti-Ramsey function $f(n,e,H)$ denotes the minimum integer $f$ for which there exists an $n$-vertex graph $G$ with at least $e$ edges admitting an edge-coloring with $f$ colors in which each copy of $H$ in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Matija Bucic , Kaizhe Chen , Jie Ma

Let $G = (V, E)$ be an $n$-vertex edge-colored graph. In 2013, H. Li proved that if every vertex $v \in V$ is incident to at least $(n+1)/2$ distinctly colored edges, then $G$ admits a rainbow triangle. We prove that the same hypothesis…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-24 Andrzej Czygrinow , Theodore Molla , Brendan Nagle , Roy Oursler

The anti-Ramsey number, $ar(G, H)$ is the minimum integer $k$ such that in any edge colouring of $G$ with $k$ colours there is a rainbow subgraph isomorphic to $H$, i.e., a copy of $H$ with each of its edges assigned a different colour. The…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-10-28 L Sunil Chandran , Abhiruk Lahiri , Nitin Singh

Given a non-trivial finite Abelian group $(A,+)$, let $n(A) \ge 2$ be the smallest integer such that for every labelling of the arcs of the bidirected complete graph of order $n(A)$ with elements from $A$ there exists a directed cycle for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-09 Tamás Mészáros , Raphael Steiner

A tri-colored sum-free set in an abelian group $H$ is a collection of ordered triples in $H^3$, $\{(a_i,b_i,c_i)\}_{i=1}^m$, such that the equation $a_i+b_j+c_k=0$ holds if and only if $i=j=k$. Using a variant of the lemma introduced by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-27 Robert Kleinberg

A tree in an edge-colored connected graph $G$ is called \emph{a rainbow tree} if no two edges of it are assigned the same color. For a vertex subset $S\subseteq V(G)$, a tree is called an \emph{$S$-tree} if it connects $S$ in $G$. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-20 Wenjing Li , Xueliang Li , Jingshu Zhang

The paper deals with a problem of Additive Combinatorics. Let ${\mathbf G}$ be a finite abelian group of order $N$. We prove that the number of subset triples $A,B,C\subset {\mathbf G}$ such that for any $x\in A$, $y\in B$ and $z\in C$ one…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-29 Aliaksei Semchankau , Dmitry Shabanov , Ilya Shkredov

We present a new short proof of Van der Waerden's Theorem about the existence of arbitrarily long monochromatic arithmetic progressions. The proof uses algebra in the compact space of ultrafilters $\beta\N$, but contrarily to the other…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Mauro Di Nasso

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$ with an edge-coloring $c$, and let $\delta^c(G)$ denote the minimum color-degree of $G$. A subgraph $F$ of $G$ is called rainbow if any two edges of $F$ have distinct colors. There have been a lot results in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-04 Xiaozheng Chen , Xueliang Li