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Related papers: Making Planet Nine: A Scattered Giant in the Outer…

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In the core accretion hypothesis, giant planets form by gas accretion onto solid protoplanetary cores. The minimum (or critical) core mass to form a gas giant is typically quoted as 10 Earth masses. The actual value depends on several…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Ana-Maria A. Piso , Andrew N. Youdin

It has been proposed that mean motion resonances (MMRs) between Planet Nine and distant objects of the scattered disk might inform the semimajor axis and instantaneous position of Planet Nine. Within the context of this hypothesis, the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-12 Elizabeth Bailey , Michael E. Brown , Konstantin Batygin

Gas giant planets in the Solar system host large satellite systems with multiple regular and irregular moons. Regular moons revolve around their host planet in circular, low inclination short period orbits, and are thought to form in-situ…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-11 Hagai B. Perets , Matthew J. Payne

We reconsider the commonly held assumption that warm debris disks are tracers of terrestrial planet formation. The high occurrence rate inferred for Earth-mass planets around mature solar-type stars based on exoplanet surveys (roughly 20%)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-22 Scott J. Kenyon , Joan R. Najita , Benjamin C. Bromley

The large scale structure of the Solar System has been shaped by a transient dynamical instability that may have been triggered by the interaction of the giants planets with a massive primordial disk of icy debris. In this work, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-18 Marvin Morgan , Darryl Seligman , Konstantin Batygin

We have studied planetary systems which are similar to the Solar System and built up from three inner rocky planets (Venus, Earth, Mars) and two outer gas giants. The stability of the orbits of the inner planets is discussed in the cases of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Vera Dobos , Imre Nagy , Judit Orgoványi

The formation of planets is one of the major unsolved problems in modern astrophysics. Planets are believed to form out of the material in circumstellar disks known to exist around young stars, and which are a by-product of the star…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-02-17 R. Millan-Gabet , John D. Monnier

According to planetary interior models, some giant planets contain large metal masses with large metal-mass fractions. HD 149026b and TOI-849b are characteristic examples of these giant planets. It has been suggested that the envelope mass…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-07 Masahiro Ogihara , Yasunori Hori , Masanobu Kunitomo , Kenji Kurosaki

Circumstellar discs likely have a short window when they are self-gravitating and prone to the effects of disc instability, but during this time the seeds of planet formation can be sown. It has long been argued that disc fragmentation can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-31 Hans Baehr

The recent detection of planets around very low mass stars raises the question of the formation, composition and potential habitability of these objects. We use planetary system formation models to infer the properties, in particular their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-01 Yann Alibert , Willy Benz

The outer solar system is theoretically predicted to harbour an undiscovered planet, often referred to as P9. Simulations suggest that its gravitational influence could explain the unusual clustering of minor bodies in the Kuiper Belt.…

The orbital element distribution of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with large pericenters has been suggested to be influenced by the presence of an undetected, large planet at >200 AU from the Sun. To find additional observables caused by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-04 S. M. Lawler , C. Shankman , N. Kaib , M. T. Bannister , B. Gladman , J. J. Kavelaars

Thousands of confirmed and candidate exoplanets have been identified in recent years. Consequently, theoretical research on the formation and dynamical evolution of planetary systems has seen a boost, and the processes of planet-planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-06 M. B. N. Kouwenhoven , Qi Shu , Maxwell Xu Cai , Rainer Spurzem

We model the evolution of a Jupiter-mass protoplanet formed by the disk instability mechanism at various radial distances accounting for the presence of the disk. Using three different disk models, it is found that a newly-formed…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Allona Vazan , Ravit Helled

Flattened, rotating disks of cool dust and gas extending for tens to hundreds of AU are found around almost all low mass stars shortly after their birth. These disks generally persist for several Myr, during which time some material…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-08-30 Jonathan P. Williams , Lucas A. Cieza

The co-planarity of solar-system planets led Kant to suggest that they formed from an accretion disk, and the discovery of hundreds of such disks around young stars as well as hundreds of co-planar planetary systems by the Kepler satellite…

We explore the distant giant planet hypothesis by integrating the large semi-major axis, large pericenter Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) in the presence of the giant planets and an external perturber whose orbit is consistent with the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-18 C. Shankman , JJ Kavelaars , S. M. Lawler , B. J. Gladman , M. T. Bannister

We examine the possibility that icy super-Earth mass planets, formed over long time scales (0.1--1~Gyr) at large distances ($\sim$ 200--1000~AU) from their host stars, will develop massive H-rich atmospheres. Within the interior of these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-01 Amit Levi , Scott J. Kenyon , Morris Podolak , Dina Prialnik

Satellite formation is a natural by-product of planet formation. With the discovery of nu- merous extrasolar planets, it is likely that moons of extrasolar planets (exomoons) will soon be discovered. Some of the most promising techniques…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-10 Amy C. Barr

The ensemble of now more than 250 discovered planetary systems displays a wide range of masses, orbits and, in multiple systems, dynamical interactions. These represent the end point of a complex sequence of events, wherein an entire…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-08-12 Edward W. Thommes , Soko Matsumura , Frederic A. Rasio