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Using a clear and straightforward approach, we discover and prove new binary digit extraction BBP-type formulas for polylogarithm constants. Some known results are also rediscovered in a more direct and elegant manner. Numerous…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-21 Kunle Adegoke

Using a clear and straightforward approach, we prove new ternary (base 3) digit extraction BBP-type formulas for polylogarithm constants. Some known results are also rediscovered in a more direct and elegant manner. A previously unproved…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-17 Kunle Adegoke

We provide a simple way of searching for formulas of the Bailey--Borwein--Plouffe type together with an algorithm and an implementation in \texttt{sage}. Aside from rediscovering some already known formulas, the method has been used in the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-17 Simon Kristensen , Oskar Mathiasen

BBP-type formulas are usually discovered experimentally, through computer searches. In this paper, however, starting with two simple generators, and hence without doing any computer searches, we derive a wide range of BBP-type formulas in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-29 Kunle Adegoke

Hitherto only a base 5 BBP-type formula is known for $\sqrt 5\log\phi$, where \mbox{$\phi=(\sqrt 5+1)/2$}, the golden ratio, ( i.e. Formula 83 of the April 2013 edition of Bailey's Compendium of \mbox{BBP-type} formulas). In this paper we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-16 Kunle Adegoke

We present a general procedure to generate infinitely many BBP and BBP-like formulas for the simplest transcendental numbers. This provides some insight and a better understanding into their nature. In particular, we can derive the main…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-15 Daniel Barsky , Vicente Muñoz , Ricardo Pérez-Marco

We joke about how to compute (promptly) the digits of $\pi$, in base 5, from a given place without computing preceding ones.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Wadim Zudilin

We derive interesting arctangent identities involving the golden ratio, Fibonacci numbers and Lucas numbers. Binary BBP-type formulas for the arctangents of certain odd powers of the golden ratio are also derived, for the first time in the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-22 Kunle Adegoke

Natural numbers which are nontrivial multiples of some permutation of their base-$b$ digit representations are called permutiples. Specific cases include numbers which are multiples of cyclic permutations (cyclic numbers) and reversals of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-10 Benjamin V. Holt

In this work, we consider the properties of the two-term Machin-like formula and develop an algorithm for computing digits of $\pi$ by using its rational approximation. In this approximation, both terms are constructed by using a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-07-25 Sanjar M. Abrarov , Rehan Siddiqui , Rajinder Kumar Jagpal , Brendan M. Quine

This paper presents a detailed, self-contained proof of a BBP-type formula for $\pi^2$ expressed in the golden ratio base, $\phi$. The formula was discovered empirically by the author in 2004. The proof presented herein is built upon a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-08-07 Benoit Cloitre

In previous papers we introduced a class of polynomials which follow the same recursive formula as the Lucas-Lehmer numbers, studying the distribution of their zeros and remarking that this distribution follows a sequence related to the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-04 Pierluigi Vellucci , Alberto Maria Bersani

The decimal digits of $\pi$ are widely believed to behave like as statistically independent random variables taking the values $0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5$, $6, 7, 8, 9$ with equal probabilities $1/10$. In this article, first, another similar…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-17 Karlis Podnieks

We derive a BBP-type formula for the remainder of the Madhava-Gregory-Leibniz series for $\pi$. The result is a closed form in base-$16$ with Pochhammer denominators. The analogous formula for the alternating series for $\log 2$ is also…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Benoit Cloitre

A method for computing the n'th decimal digit of pi in O(n^3 log(n)^3) time and with very little memory is presented here. The computation is based on the recently discovered Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe algorithm and the use of a new algorithm…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-12-03 Simon Plouffe

We consider binomial and inverse binomial sums at infinity and rewrite them in terms of a small set of constants, such as powers of $\pi$ or $\log(2)$. In order to perform these simplifications, we view the series as specializations of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-30 Jakob Ablinger

By using an asymptotic formula known for the numbers of Euler and Bernoulli it is possible to obtain an explicit expression of the nth digit of $\pi$ in decimal or in binary, it also makes it possible to obtain the $n^{\rm th}$ digit of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-04 Simon Plouffe

In this work, we obtain an iterative formula that can be used for computing digits of $\pi$ and nested radicals of kind $c_n/\sqrt{2 - c_{n - 1}}$, where $c_0 = 0$ and $c_n = \sqrt{2 + c_{n - 1}}$. We also show how with the help of this…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Sanjar M. Abrarov , Rehan Siddiqui , Rajinder Kumar Jagpal , Brendan M. Quine

We give a closed formula for the $n^{th}$ derivative of $\arctan x$. A new expansion for $\arctan x$ is also obtained and rapidly convergent series for $\pi$ and $\pi\sqrt 3$ are derived.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-30 Kunle Adegoke , Olawanle Layeni

In DOI:10.1017/etds.2022.2 the author proved that for each integer $k$ there is an implicit number $M > 0$ such that if $b_1, \cdots , b_k$ are multiplicatively independent integers greater than $M$, there are infinitely many integers whose…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-13 Alexia Yavicoli , Han Yu
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