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Related papers: The landscape of bounds for binary search trees

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An optimal binary search tree for an access sequence on elements is a static tree that minimizes the total search cost. Constructing perfectly optimal binary search trees is expensive so the most efficient algorithms construct almost…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Mordecai Golin , John Iacono , Stefan Langerman , J. Ian Munro , Yakov Nekrich

We initiate the study of tree structures in the context of scenario-based robust optimization. Specifically, we study Binary Search Trees (BSTs) and Huffman coding, two fundamental techniques for efficiently managing and encoding data based…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Spyros Angelopoulos , Christoph Dürr , Alex Elenter , Georgii Melidi

The Greedy binary search tree (BST) algorithm, like the Splay tree, is a prominent candidate for the \emph{dynamic optimality conjecture}. While Greedy satisfies many desirable properties of BST, its cost and analysis to execute a search…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Akash Pareek

Does there exist O(1)-competitive (self-adjusting) binary search tree (BST) algorithms? This is a well-studied problem. A simple offline BST algorithm GreedyFuture was proposed independently by Lucas and Munro, and they conjectured it to be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-02-23 Navin Goyal , Manoj Gupta

Motivated by recent developments in optical switching and reconfigurable network design, we study dynamic binary search trees (BSTs) in the matching model. In the classical dynamic BST model, the cost of both link traversal and basic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Chen Avin

In this paper we present a novel algorithm for concurrent lock-free internal binary search trees (BST) and implement a Set abstract data type (ADT) based on that. We show that in the presented lock-free BST algorithm the amortized step…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-05-12 Bapi Chatterjee , Nhan Nguyen , Philippas Tsigas

The paper presents the first \emph{concurrency-optimal} implementation of a binary search tree (BST). The implementation, based on a standard sequential implementation of an internal tree, ensures that every \emph{schedule} is accepted,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Vitaly Aksenov , Vincent Gramoli , Petr Kuznetsov , Anna Malova , Srivatsan Ravi

Permutation pattern-avoidance is a central concept of both enumerative and extremal combinatorics. In this paper we study the effect of permutation pattern-avoidance on the complexity of optimization problems. In the context of the dynamic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Benjamin Aram Berendsohn , László Kozma , Michal Opler

We revisit the classical problem of searching in a binary search tree (BST) using rotations, and present novel connections of this problem to a number of geometric and combinatorial structures. In particular, we show that the execution…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-29 László Kozma , Thatchaphol Saranurak

We study the connections between sorting and the binary search tree (BST) model, with an aim towards showing that the fields are connected more deeply than is currently appreciated. While any BST can be used to sort by inserting the keys…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Guy Blelloch , Magdalen Dobson

We introduce the lazy search tree data structure. The lazy search tree is a comparison-based data structure on the pointer machine that supports order-based operations such as rank, select, membership, predecessor, successor, minimum, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Bryce Sandlund , Sebastian Wild

We present a general method for de-amortizing essentially any Binary Search Tree (BST) algorithm. In particular, by transforming Splay Trees, our method produces a BST that has the same asymptotic cost as Splay Trees on any access sequence…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-11-08 Prosenjit Bose , Sébastien Collette , Rolf Fagerberg , Stefan Langerman

We study learning-augmented binary search trees (BSTs) via Treaps with carefully designed priorities. The result is a simple search tree in which the depth of each item $x$ is determined by its predicted weight $w_x$. Specifically, each…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jingbang Chen , Xinyuan Cao , Alicia Stepin , Li Chen

We revisit multipass pairing heaps and path-balanced binary search trees (BSTs), two classical algorithms for data structure maintenance. The pairing heap is a simple and efficient "self-adjusting" heap, introduced in 1986 by Fredman,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Dani Dorfman , Haim Kaplan , László Kozma , Seth Pettie , Uri Zwick

There has been a lot of recent work on Bayesian methods for reinforcement learning exhibiting near-optimal online performance. The main obstacle facing such methods is that in most problems of interest, the optimal solution involves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-12-31 Christos Dimitrakakis

Binary search trees (BST) are a popular type of data structure when dealing with ordered data. Indeed, they enable one to access and modify data efficiently, with their height corresponding to the worst retrieval time. From a probabilistic…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Benoît Corsini , Victor Dubach , Valentin Féray

We revisit self-adjusting external memory tree data structures, which combine the optimal (and practical) worst-case I/O performances of B-trees, while adapting to the online distribution of queries. Our approach is analogous to undergoing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Erik D. Demaine , John Iacono , Grigorios Koumoutsos , Stefan Langerman

We prove a separation between offline and online algorithms for finger-based tournament heaps undergoing key modifications. These heaps are implemented by binary trees with keys stored on leaves, and intermediate nodes tracking the min of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-05 J. Ian Munro , Richard Peng , Sebastian Wild , Lingyi Zhang

We tackle two long-standing problems related to re-expansions in heuristic search algorithms. For graph search, A* can require $\Omega(2^{n})$ expansions, where $n$ is the number of states within the final $f$ bound. Existing algorithms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Malte Helmert , Tor Lattimore , Levi H. S. Lelis , Laurent Orseau , Nathan R. Sturtevant

Bandit based methods for tree search have recently gained popularity when applied to huge trees, e.g. in the game of go [6]. Their efficient exploration of the tree enables to re- turn rapidly a good value, and improve preci- sion if more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Pierre-Arnuad Coquelin , Remi Munos