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Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) with AlOx barrier were fabricated by a deposition tool called Biased Target Ion Beam Deposition (BTIBD) using low energy ion source (0-50 eV) and voltage biased targets. The BTIBD system applies bias voltage…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-01-20 Wei Chen , Dao N. H. Nam , Jiwei Lu , Kevin G. West , Stuart A. Wolf

Domain-wall memory (DWM) has SRAM class access performance, low energy, high endurance, high density, and CMOS compatibility. Recently, shift reliability and processing-using-memory (PuM) proposals developed a need to count the number of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Prayash Dutta , Albert Lee , Kang L. Wang , Alex K. Jones , Sanjukta Bhanja

A new genre of Spin-Transfer Torque (STT) MRAM is proposed, in which bi-directional writing is achieved using thermoelectrically controlled magnonic current as an alternative to conventional electric current. The device uses a magnetic…

Materials Science · Physics 2011-08-12 Niladri N. Mojumder , Kaushik Roy , David W. Abraham

Spin-orbit torque and spin-transfer torque are leading the pathway to the future of spintronic memories. However, both of the mechanisms are suffering from intrinsic limitations. In particular, an external magnetic field is required for…

Recent research has indicated that introducing impurities that increase the resistivity of Pt can enhance the efficiency of the spin Hall torque it generates. Here we directly demonstrate the usefulness of this strategy by fabricating…

Multiferroic tunnel junctions (MFTJs) based on two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures with sharp and clean interfaces at the atomic scale are crucial for applications in nanoscale multi-resistive logic memory devices. The…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-08-24 Xinlong Dong , Xuemin Shen , Xiaowen Sun , Yuhao Bai , Zhi Yan , Xiaohong Xu

The exceptional properties of two-dimensional (2D) magnet materials present a novel approach to fabricate functional magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) by constructing full van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with atomically sharp and clean…

The discovery of spin torque transfer (STT) has lead to a significant advance in the development of spintronic devices. Novel structures and materials have been studied in order to improve the performance of the magnetic tunnel junctions…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-08-24 Xiaofeng Yao , Yisong Zhang , Andrew Lyle , Roger Malmhall , Rajiv Ranjan , Lei Lu , Mingzhong Wu , Hao Wang , Ying Jing , Jian-Ping Wang

The writing energy for reversing the magnetization of the free layer in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is a key figure of merit for comparing the performances of magnetic random access memories with competing technologies. Magnetization…

GaMnAs-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices are characterized by in-plane and perpendicular-toplane magnetotransport at low temperatures. Perpendicular-to-plane transport reveals the typical tunneling magnetotransport (TMR) signal.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Aymen Ben Hamida , Florian Bergmann , Klaus Pierz , Hans Werner Schumacher

As an emerging non-volatile memory technology, magnetic random access memory (MRAM) has key features and advantages including non-volatility, high speed, endurance, low power consumption and radiation tolerance. Conventional MRAM utilizes…

Magnetic tunnel junctions are nanoscale devices which have recently attracted interested in the context of frequency multiplexed spintronic neural networks, due to their interesting dynamical properties, which are defined during the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-08-29 Maksim Stebliy , Alex S. Jenkins , Luana Benetti , Elvira Paz , Ricardo Ferreira

CMOS-compatible HfO2-based ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) has attracted significant attention as a promising candidate for in-memory computing (IMC) due to its extremely low power consumption. However, conventional FTJs face inherent…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Shi-Xi Kong , Tuo-Hung Hou

Three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), where non-volatile magnetization state can be switched via spin orbit torque (SOT), is attracting massive research interests since it is featured by high speed, low power, nearly unlimited…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Hongjie Ye , Zhaohao Wang

The 'Brillouin zone spin filtering' mechanism of enhanced tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is described for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) and studied on an example of the MTJ with hcp Co electrodes and hexagonal BN (h-BN) spacer. Our…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-12-16 Sergey V. Faleev , Stuart S. P. Parkin , Oleg N. Mryasov

Spin-torque memristors were proposed in 2009, which could provide fast, low-power and infinite memristive behavior for large-density non-volatile memory and neuromorphic computing. However, the strict requirements of combining high…

The memristive device is one of the basic elements of novel, brain-inspired, fast, and energy-efficient information processing systems in which there is no separation between memorization and information analysis functions. Since the first…

Solid-state memory is an essential component of the digital age. With advancements in healthcare technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for ultra-dense, ultra-low-power memory is increasing. In this review, we present a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-06-28 Mohamed T. Ghoneim , Muhammad M. Hussain

We review two magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) approaches for compact, low-power, CMOS-integrated true random number generation (TRNG). The first employs passive-read, easy-plane superparamagnetic MTJs (sMTJs) that generate…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Jonathan Z. Sun , Christopher Safranski , Siyuranga Koswata , Pouya Hashemi , Andrew D. Kent

We present a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) where its two ferromagnetic layers are in the form of a single ellipse (SE) and two-crossing ellipses (TCE). The MTJ exhibits four distinct resistance states corresponding to the four remanent…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-08-21 Shubhankar Das , Ariel Zaig , Moty Schultz , Susana Cardoso , Diana C Leitao , Lior Klein