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In this paper, we give list coloring variants of simple iterative defective coloring algorithms. Formally, in a list defective coloring instance, each node $v$ of a graph is given a list $L_v$ of colors and a list of allowed defects…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Marc Fuchs , Fabian Kuhn

Vizing's theorem guarantees that every graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ admits an edge coloring using $\Delta + 1$ colors. In online settings - where edges arrive one at a time and must be colored immediately - a simple greedy algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Joakim Blikstad , Ola Svensson , Radu Vintan , David Wajc

We examine the problem of almost-uniform sampling proper $q$-colorings of a graph whose maximum degree is $\Delta$. A famous result, discovered independently by Jerrum(1995) and Salas and Sokal(1997), is that, assuming $q > (2+\delta)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Weiming Feng , Thomas P. Hayes , Yitong Yin

We give efficient randomized and deterministic distributed algorithms for computing a distance-$2$ vertex coloring of a graph $G$ in the CONGEST model. In particular, if $\Delta$ is the maximum degree of $G$, we show that there is a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Magnus M. Halldorsson , Fabian Kuhn , Yannic Maus

Vizing's celebrated theorem states that every simple graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ admits a $(\Delta+1)$ edge coloring which can be found in $O(m \cdot n)$ time on $n$-vertex $m$-edge graphs. This is just one color more than the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Sepehr Assadi

Recent breakthroughs in graph streaming have led to the design of single-pass semi-streaming algorithms for various graph coloring problems such as $(\Delta+1)$-coloring, degeneracy-coloring, coloring triangle-free graphs, and others. These…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Sepehr Assadi , Andrew Chen , Glenn Sun

We obtain improved distributed algorithms in the CONGEST message-passing setting for problems on power graphs of an input graph $G$. This includes Coloring, Maximal Independent Set, and related problems. We develop a general deterministic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Leonid Barenboim , Uri Goldenberg

We study distributed versions of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms for generating random $k$-colorings of an input graph with maximum degree $\Delta$. In the sequential setting, the Glauber dynamics is the simple MCMC algorithm…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Charlie Carlson , Daniel Frishberg , Eric Vigoda

The palette sparsification theorem (PST) of Assadi, Chen, and Khanna (SODA 2019) states that in every graph $G$ with maximum degree $\Delta$, sampling a list of $O(\log{n})$ colors from $\{1,\ldots,\Delta+1\}$ for every vertex independently…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sepehr Assadi , Helia Yazdanyar

The main goal in distributed symmetry-breaking is to understand the locality of problems; i.e., the radius of the neighborhood that a node needs to explore in order to arrive at its part of a global solution. In this work, we study the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Seri Khoury , Manish Purohit , Aaron Schild , Joshua Wang

We give an almost complete characterization of the hardness of $c$-coloring $\chi$-chromatic graphs with distributed algorithms, for a wide range of models of distributed computing. In particular, we show that these problems do not admit…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Xavier Coiteux-Roy , Francesco d'Amore , Rishikesh Gajjala , Fabian Kuhn , François Le Gall , Henrik Lievonen , Augusto Modanese , Marc-Olivier Renou , Gustav Schmid , Jukka Suomela

We consider a decentralized graph coloring model where each vertex only knows its own color and whether some neighbor has the same color as it. The networking community has studied this model extensively due to its applications to channel…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Deeparnab Chakrabarty , Paul de Supinski

Vizing's celebrated theorem asserts that any graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ admits an edge coloring using at most $\Delta+1$ colors. In contrast, Bar-Noy, Naor and Motwani showed over a quarter century that the trivial greedy algorithm,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Ilan Reuven Cohen , Binghui Peng , David Wajc

Identifying the sets of operations that can be executed simultaneously is an important problem appearing in many parallel applications. By modeling the operations and their interactions as a graph, one can identify the independent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-07-28 Ahmet Erdem Sarıyüce , Erik Saule , Ümit V. Çatalyürek

A celebrated result of Johansson in graph theory states that every triangle-free graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be properly colored with $O(\Delta/\ln\Delta)$ colors, improving upon the "greedy bound" of $\Delta+1$ coloring in general…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Sepehr Assadi , Helia Yazdanyar

We present a procedure for efficiently sampling colors in the {\congest} model. It allows nodes whose number of colors exceeds their number of neighbors by a constant fraction to sample up to $\Theta(\log n)$ semi-random colors unused by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Magnús M. Halldórsson , Alexandre Nolin

Vizing's theorem states that any $n$-vertex $m$-edge graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be {\em edge colored} using at most $\Delta + 1$ different colors [Diskret.~Analiz, '64]. Vizing's original proof is algorithmic and shows that such…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Sayan Bhattacharya , Din Carmon , Martín Costa , Shay Solomon , Tianyi Zhang

Graph coloring is a fundamental problem in computer science. In the semi-streaming model, an input graph $G$ on $n$ vertices and maximum degree $\Delta$ is presented as a stream of edges, and the goal is to compute a vertex coloring using a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shiri Chechik , Hongyi Chen , Tianyi Zhang

This paper presents massively parallel computation (MPC) algorithms in the strongly sublinear memory regime (aka, scalable MPC) for orienting and coloring graphs as a function of its subgraph density. Our algorithms run in $poly(\log\log…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Mohsen Ghaffari , Christoph Grunau

Vizing's theorem states that any $n$-vertex $m$-edge graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be edge colored using at most $\Delta + 1$ different colors. Vizing's original proof is easily translated into a deterministic $O(mn)$ time algorithm.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Sepehr Assadi , Soheil Behnezhad , Sayan Bhattacharya , Martín Costa , Shay Solomon , Tianyi Zhang