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In zero-sum games, the optimal strategy is well-defined by the Nash equilibrium. However, it is overly conservative when playing against suboptimal opponents and it can not exploit their weaknesses. Limited look-ahead game solving in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-04 David Milec , Ondřej Kubíček , Viliam Lisý

Self-play is a technique for machine learning in multi-agent systems where a learning algorithm learns by interacting with copies of itself. Self-play is useful for generating large quantities of data for learning, but has the drawback that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Revan MacQueen , James R. Wright

This paper presents a new distributed algorithm that leverages heavy-ball momentum and a consensus-based gradient method to find a Nash equilibrium (NE) in a class of non-cooperative convex games with unconstrained action sets. In this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Duong Thuy Anh Nguyen , Duong Tung Nguyen , Angelia Nedich

Congestion games offer a primary model in the study of pure Nash equilibria in non-cooperative games, and a number of generalized models have been proposed in the literature. One line of generalization includes weighted congestion games, in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Kenjiro Takazawa

An $\alpha$-potential game is a multi-player non-cooperative interaction in which a global potential function approximates individual player rewards up to a structural bias $\alpha$. While identifying a Nash Equilibrium (NE) in generic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Claire Chen , Yuheng Zhang

We study the problem of learning a Nash equilibrium (NE) in Markov games which is a cornerstone in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). In particular, we focus on infinite-horizon adversarial team Markov games (ATMGs) in which agents…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Fivos Kalogiannis , Jingming Yan , Ioannis Panageas

This work proposes a novel distributed approach for computing a Nash equilibrium in convex games with restricted strongly monotone pseudo-gradients. By leveraging the idea of the centralized operator extrapolation method presented in [4] to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-25 Tatiana Tatarenko , Angelia Nedich

The complexity of computing equilibrium refinements has been at the forefront of algorithmic game theory research, but it has remained open in the seminal class of potential games; we close this fundamental gap in this paper. We first show…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Ioannis Anagnostides , Maria-Florina Balcan , Kiriaki Fragkia , Tuomas Sandholm , Emanuel Tewolde , Brian Hu Zhang

Computing a Nash equilibrium (NE) is a central task in computer science. An NE is a particularly appropriate solution concept for two-agent settings because coalitional deviations are not an issue. However, even in this case, finding an NE…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Nicola Gatti , Giorgio Patrini , Marco Rocco , Tuomas Sandholm

Nash equilibria are crucial for understanding game behavior and systems in economics, physics, biology, and computer science. A significant application arises from the connection between Nash equilibria and optimization problems . However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Giovanni Ferrannini , Dario di Gregorio , Federico Fissore

In this paper, we propose an equilibrium-seeking algorithm for finding generalized Nash equilibria of non-cooperative monotone convex quadratic games. Specifically, we recast the Nash equilibrium-seeking problem as variational inequality…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-21 Bingqi Liu , Dominic Liao-McPherson

Generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) is a solution concept for complete information games, in which each player's objective function and feasible region depend on other players' actions. While numerical methods for finding GNE when players…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Stuart M. Harwood , Dimitri J. Papageorgiou

Motivated by Generative Adversarial Networks, we study the computation of Nash equilibrium in concave network zero-sum games (NZSGs), a multiplayer generalization of two-player zero-sum games first proposed with linear payoffs. Extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Amit Kadan , Hu Fu

We study the problem of computing an approximate Nash equilibrium of continuous-action game without access to gradients. Such game access is common in reinforcement learning settings, where the environment is typically treated as a black…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Carlos Martin , Tuomas Sandholm

We study the problem of computing an approximate Nash equilibrium of a game whose strategy space is continuous without access to gradients of the utility function. Such games arise, for example, when players' strategies are represented by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Carlos Martin , Tuomas Sandholm

Regret minimization is a general approach to online optimization which plays a crucial role in many algorithms for approximating Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum games. The literature mainly focuses on solving individual games in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-29 David Sychrovský , Martin Schmid , Michal Šustr , Michael Bowling

We study the problem of checking for the existence of constrained pure Nash equilibria in a subclass of polymatrix games defined on weighted directed graphs. The payoff of a player is defined as the sum of nonnegative rational weights on…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-30 Sunil Simon , Dominik Wojtczak

The approximation of mixed Nash equilibria (MNE) for zero-sum games with mean-field interacting players has recently raised much interest in machine learning. In this paper we propose a mean-field gradient descent dynamics for finding the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Yulong Lu , Pierre Monmarché

We propose local symplectic surgery, a two-timescale procedure for finding local Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum games. We first show that previous gradient-based algorithms cannot guarantee convergence to local Nash equilibria due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Eric V. Mazumdar , Michael I. Jordan , S. Shankar Sastry

Linear complementarity programming is a generalization of linear programming which encompasses the computation of Nash equilibria for bimatrix games. While the latter problem is PPAD-complete, we show that the tropical analogue of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-07 Xavier Allamigeon , Stéphane Gaubert , Frédéric Meunier