Related papers: The beginnings of the Soviet encyclopedia
The paper is based on a talk given to celebrate {\O}rsted's discovery of electromagnetism in 1820. It gives a brief account of {\O}rsted's life and work, before using the evidence of articles on electricity and magnetism in the…
The essay is an attempt to re-create the wonderful scientific atmosphere that emerged after the basic BCS ideas first arrived in Russia in 1957. It summarizes the most significant contributions to the microscopic theory of superconductivity…
Wikipedia, as a social phenomenon of collaborative knowledge creating, has been studied extensively from various points of views. The category system of Wikipedia, introduced in 2004, has attracted relatively little attention. In this…
Statistical graphics and data visualization have long histories, but their modern forms began only in the early 1800s. Between roughly 1850 and 1900 ($\pm10$), an explosive growth occurred in both the general use of graphic methods and the…
The history of the very first mathematical contests for high school students is discussed. The main body of the article is dedicated to the mathematical and scientific contests held in imperial Russia in the XIX century. More specifically,…
This paper deals with the social production of knowledge in the exact sciences. After defining the term, exact science, it delineates the broad dynamic of its history. It, then, offers a socio-economic historical explanation of why the…
In this paper, we describe the extraction of all the location entries from a prominent Swedish encyclopedia from the early 20th century, the \textit{Nordisk Familjebok} `Nordic Family Book.' We focused on the second edition called…
The research of life in Universe is a ancient quest that has taken different forms over the centuries. It has given rise to a new science, which is normally referred as Astrobiology. It is interesting to research when this word was used for…
A categorized bibliography of combinators is given, providing what is believed to be a largely complete coverage of publications from the origination of combinators in 1920 to the present day.
Scientific writing builds upon already published papers. Manual identification of publications to read, cite or consider as related papers relies on a researcher's ability to identify fitting keywords or initial papers from which a…
The goal of this introductory survey is to present the major developments of algorithmic randomness with an eye toward its historical development. While two highly comprehensive books and one thorough survey article have been written on the…
Here I present an investigation on the evolution and use of vocabulary in data science in the last 13 years. Based on a rigorous statistical analysis, a database with 12,787 documents containing the words "data science" in the title,…
Wikipedia, the world largest encyclopedia contains a lot of knowledge that is expressed as formulae exclusively. Unfortunately, this knowledge is currently not fully accessible by intelligent information retrieval systems. This immense body…
This paper was originally designed as a literature review for a doctoral dissertation focusing on Wikipedia. This exposition gives the structure of Wikipedia and the latest trends in Wikipedia research.
In this paper I describe the early development of the so-called mathematical biophysics, as conceived by Nicolas Rashevsky back in the 1920's, as well as his latter idealization of a "relational biology". I also underline that the creation…
A short overview is given on the development of our present paradigm of the large scale structure of the Universe with emphasis on the role of Ya. B. Zeldovich. Next we use the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data and show that the distribution of…
Semantic relatedness of terms represents similarity of meaning by a numerical score. On the one hand, humans easily make judgments about semantic relatedness. On the other hand, this kind of information is useful in language processing…
Progress in science has advanced the development of human society across history, with dramatic revolutions shaped by information theory, genetic cloning, and artificial intelligence, among the many scientific achievements produced in the…
The paper deals with word sense induction from lexical co-occurrence graphs. We construct such graphs on large Russian corpora and then apply this data to cluster Mail.ru Search results according to meanings of the query. We compare…
In this brief essay we consider the concept of beginning in cosmology. It can be applied to the Universe as a whole, as well as to various epochs in the cosmic history and major structures as we can see them today.