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Missing values pose a persistent challenge in modern data science. Consequently, there is an ever-growing number of publications introducing new imputation methods in various fields. The present paper attempts to take a step back and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Jeffrey Näf , Erwan Scornet , Julie Josse

Hidden variable graphical models can sometimes imply constraints on the observable distribution that are more complex than simple conditional independence relations. These observable constraints can falsify assumptions of the model that…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Michael C. Sachs , Erin E. Gabriel , Robin J. Evans , Arvid Sjölander

Efficient estimation methods for simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) models with missing data in the response variable have been well-explored in the literature. A common practice is to introduce measurement error into SAR models to separate…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-10 Anjana Wijayawardhana , Thomas Suesse , David Gunawan

Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) is increasingly used for doubly robust causal inference, but how missing data should be handled when using TMLE with data-adaptive approaches is unclear. Based on the Victorian Adolescent Health…

Multiple imputation is a well-established general technique for analyzing data with missing values. A convenient way to implement multiple imputation is sequential regression multiple imputation (SRMI), also called chained equations…

Omitted variable bias occurs when a statistical model leaves out variables that are relevant determinants of the effects under study. This results in the model attributing the missing variables' effect to some of the included variables --…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Carlo A. Furia , Richard Torkar

State-of-the-art causal discovery methods usually assume that the observational data is complete. However, the missing data problem is pervasive in many practical scenarios such as clinical trials, economics, and biology. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Erdun Gao , Ignavier Ng , Mingming Gong , Li Shen , Wei Huang , Tongliang Liu , Kun Zhang , Howard Bondell

We present a comprehensive study of graphical log-linear models for contingency tables. High dimensional contingency tables arise in many areas such as computational biology, collection of survey and census data and others. Analysis of…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-15 Niharika Gauraha

Background: Missing data poses an acute threat to sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) analyses because of the sequential treatment structure and response-dependent re-randomization. Objectives: This study aimed to (1)…

Causal discovery in real-world systems, such as biological networks, is often complicated by feedback loops and incomplete data. Standard algorithms, which assume acyclic structures or fully observed data, struggle with these challenges. To…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-07 Muralikrishnna G. Sethuraman , Razieh Nabi , Faramarz Fekri

Heterogeneous but complementary sources of data provide an unprecedented opportunity for developing accurate statistical models of systems. Although the existing methods have shown promising results, they are mostly applicable to situations…

Applications · Statistics 2020-08-18 Feng Wang , Mostafa Reisi Gahrooei , Zhen Zhong , Tao Tang , Jianjun Shi

Missing Not at Random (MNAR) and nonnormal data are challenging to handle. Traditional missing data analytical techniques such as full information maximum likelihood estimation (FIML) may fail with nonnormal data as they are built on normal…

Applications · Statistics 2024-06-21 Dandan Tang , Xin Tong

We consider logistic regression including two sets of discrete or categorical covariates that are missing at random (MAR) separately or simultaneously. We examine the asymptotic properties of two multiple imputation (MI) estimators, given…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-19 Phuoc-Loc Tran , Shen-Ming Lee , Truong-Nhat Le , Chin-Shang Li

Joint modeling technique is a recent advancement in effectively analyzing the longitudinal history of patients with the occurrence of an event of interest attached to it. This procedure is successfully implemented in biomarker studies to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-08 Gajendra K. Vishwakarma , Atanu Bhattacharjee , Souvik Banerjee

High-dimensional time series data exist in numerous areas such as finance, genomics, healthcare, and neuroscience. An unavoidable aspect of all such datasets is missing data, and dealing with this issue has been an important focus in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-27 Amin Jalali , Rebecca Willett

We consider the estimation problem in a regression setting where the outcome variable is subject to nonignorable missingness and identifiability is ensured by the shadow variable approach. We propose a versatile estimation procedure where…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-09 Jiwei Zhao , Yanyuan Ma

Supervised learning with missing data aims at building the best prediction of a target output based on partially-observed inputs. Major approaches to address this problem can be decomposed into $(i)$ impute-then-predict strategies, which…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-14 Angel D Reyero Lobo , Alexis Ayme , Claire Boyer , Erwan Scornet

We introduce a self-censoring model for multivariate nonignorable nonmonotone missing data, where the missingness process of each outcome is affected by its own value and is associated with missingness indicators of other outcomes, while…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-03 Yilin Li , Wang Miao , Ilya Shpitser , Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen

Most analyses of randomised trials with incomplete outcomes make untestable assumptions and should therefore be subjected to sensitivity analyses. However, methods for sensitivity analyses are not widely used. We propose a mean score…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-21 Ian R. White , James Carpenter , Nicholas J. Horton

We compare two deletion-based methods for dealing with the problem of missing observations in linear regression analysis. One is the complete-case analysis (CC, or listwise deletion) that discards all incomplete observations and only uses…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-02 Tianchen Xu , Kun Chen , Gen Li