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We introduce a stochastic model that describes the quasi-static dynamics of an electric transmission network under perturbations introduced by random load fluctuations, random removing of system components from service, random repair times…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Marian Anghel , Kenneth A. Werley , Adilson E. Motter

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources, power systems face new challenges in balancing power supply and demand and maintaining the nominal frequency. This paper studies load control to handle these challenges. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-17 Xin Chen , Changhong Zhao , Na Li

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources introduces significant challenges to power grid stability, primarily due to their inherent variability. A new opportunity for grid operation is the smart integration of electricity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-30 Janik Pinter , Frederik Zahn , Maximilian Beichter , Ralf Mikut , Veit Hagenmeyer

Due to increasing shares of renewable energy sources, more frequency reserves are required to maintain power system stability. In this paper, we present a decentralized control scheme that allows a large aggregation of refrigerators to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-05 Evangelos Vrettos , Charalampos Ziras , Göran Andersson

We model thermostatic devices using a stochastic hybrid description, and introduce an external actuation mechanism that creates random switch events in the discrete dynamics. We then conjecture the form of the Fokker-Planck equation and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-01-27 Luminita Cristiana Totu , Rafael Wisniewski , John Leth

This paper proposes a control method for allowing aggregates of thermostatically controlled loads to provide synthetic inertia and primary frequency regulation services to the grid. The proposed control framework is fully distributed and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-04 F. Conte , M. Crosa di Vergagni , S. Massucco , F. Silvestro , E. Ciapessoni , D. Cirio

Cell inconsistency within a lithium-ion battery system poses a significant challenge in maximizing the system operational time. This study presents an optimization-driven active balancing method to minimize the effects of cell inconsistency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-03 Yiming Xu , Xiaohua Ge , Ruohan Guo , Weixiang Shen

This paper examines the operation of distribution networks that have large aggregations of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) providing secondary frequency regulation to the bulk power system. Specifically, we assess the prevalence of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-10 Stephanie C. Ross , Gabrielle Vuylsteke , Johanna L. Mathieu

Frequency control reserves are an essential ancillary service in any electric power system, guaranteeing that generation and demand of active power are balanced at all times. Traditionally, conventional power plants are used for frequency…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2013-12-24 Theodor Borsche , Andreas Ulbig , Göran Andersson

In this paper we propose a stochastic model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for linear discrete-time systems affected by possibly unbounded additive disturbances and subject to probabilistic constraints. Constraints are treated in…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Lukas Hewing , Melanie N. Zeilinger

As the cost of batteries lowers, sizing and control methods that are both fast and can achieve their promised performances when deployed are becoming more important. In this paper, we show how stochastically tuned rule based controllers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Lorenzo Nespoli , Vasco Medici

Automotive industry is moving toward fully electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Accordingly, energy storage unit is one of the most important blocks in these electric drives. Battery stacks which contain a number of cells are being used…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Seyed Mahmoud Salamati , Seyed Ali Salamati , Mohsen Mahoor , Farzad Rajaei Salmasi

In recent years, battery technology for electric vehicles (EVs) has been a major focus, with a significant emphasis on developing new battery materials and chemistries. However, accurately predicting key battery parameters, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Niranjan Sitapure , Atharva Kulkarni

When State of Charge, State of Health, and parameters of the Lithium-ion battery are estimated simultaneously, the estimation accuracy is hard to be ensured due to uncertainties in the estimation process. To improve the estimation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-20 Ziyou Song , Jun Hou , Xuefeng Li , Xiaogang Wu , Xiaosong Hu , Heath Hofmann , Jing Sun

Stochastic linearization is a method used in Quasilinear Control (QLC) to replace a nonlinearity by an equivalent gain and a bias, utilizing the statistical properties of random inputs. In this paper, the theory of stochastic linearization…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-07-18 Sarnaduti Brahma , Hamid R. Ossareh

Charge unbalance is one of the key issues for series-connected Lithium-ion cells. Within this context, model-based optimization strategies have proven to be the most effective. In the present paper, an ad-hoc electrochemical model, tailored…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Andrea Pozzi , Massimo Zambelli , Antonella Ferrara , Davide Martino Raimondo

In this paper a nonlinear control design for power balancing in networked microgrids using energy storage devices is presented. Each microgrid is considered to be interfaced to the distribution feeder though a solid-state transformer (SST).…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Md Tanvir Arafat Khan , Rafael Cisneros , Aranya Chakrabortty , Iqbal Husain

This paper introduces an Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) model that incorporates real-world constraints, such as slot power limitations, contract threshold overruns penalties, or early disconnections of electric vehicles (EVs). We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-14 Alban Puech , Tristan Rigaut , William Templier , Maud Tournoud

This paper presents a convex reformulation of a nonlinear constrained optimization problem for Markov decision processes, and applies the technical findings to optimal control problems for an ensemble of thermostatically controlled loads…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-27 Emilio Benenati , Marcello Colombino , Emiliano Dall'Anese

We present a stochastic model predictive control (MPC) framework for central heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) plants. The framework uses real data to forecast and quantify uncertainty of disturbances affecting the system…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Ranjeet Kumar , Michael J. Wenzel , Mohammad N. ElBsat , Michael J. Risbeck , Kirk H. Drees , Victor M. Zavala