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Under the dual background of deep adjustment of global energy pattern and severe challenges of environmental problems, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has become the focus of research on efficient and clean energy conversion technology due to…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Wang Hao , Xie Jiamiao , Hao Wenqian , Li Jingyang , Zhang Peng , Ma Xiaofan , Liu Fu , Wang Xu

A novel method for distributed estimation of the frequency of power systems is introduced based on the cooperation between multiple measurement nodes. The proposed distributed widely linear complex Kalman filter (D-ACKF) and the distributed…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-10-03 Sithan Kanna , Dahir H. Dini , Yili Xia , Ron Hui , Danilo P. Mandic

State of health (SOH) estimation for lithium-ion battery modules with cells connected in parallel is a challenging problem, especially with cell-to-cell variations. Incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and differential voltage analysis (DVA)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-21 Qinan Zhou , Dyche Anderson , Jing Sun

The state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries needs to be accurately estimated for safety and reliability purposes. For battery packs made of a large number of cells, it is not always feasible to design one SOC estimator per cell due…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Mira Khalil , Romain Postoyan , Stéphane Raël , Dragan Nešić

Accurate state estimation of large-scale lithium-ion battery packs is necessary for the advanced control of batteries, which could potentially increase their lifetime through e.g. reconfiguration. To tackle this problem, an enhanced…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Luis D. Couto , Michel Kinnaert

Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) is crucial for the safe and reliable operation of batteries. Voltage measurement bias highly affects state estimation accuracy, especially in Lithium Iron Phosphate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Baozhao Yi , Xinhao Du , Jiawei Zhang , Xiaogang Wu , Qiuhao Hu , Weiran Jiang , Xiaosong Hu , Ziyou Song

Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is critical for ensuring the safety, reliability, and efficiency of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Electrochemical models provide high fidelity for SOC…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Guangdi Hu , Keyi Liao , Jian Ye , Feng Guo

A voltage-based method is proposed to correct battery pack state of charge (SOC) estimation at the charge-end. Two main characteristics make the charge-end time span a good opportunity to correct SOC estimation: first, it is easy to detect…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-11 Ali Abdollahi , Jianwei Li , Xiaojun Li , Trevor Jones , Asif Habeebullah

This paper presents a novel framework for state-of-charge estimation of rechargeable batteries in electric vehicles using a two-stage nonlinear estimator called the eXogenous Kalman filter (XKF). The nonlinear estimator consists of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-23 Agus Hasan , Martin Skriver , Tor Arne Johansen

This paper presents a novel modular, reconfigurable battery energy storage system. The proposed design is characterized by a tight integration of reconfigurable power switches and DC/DC converters. This characteristic enables isolation of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-13 Amir Farakhor , Di Wu , Yebin Wang , Huazhen Fang

The operation efficiency of the electric transportation, energy storage, and grids mainly depends on the fundamental characteristics of the employed batteries. Fundamental variables like voltage, current, temperature, and estimated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-11 Anupama R Itagi , Rakhee Kallimani , Krishna Pai , Sridhar Iyer , Onel L. A. López , Sushant Mutagekar

This paper introduces a stochastic AC-OPF (SOPF) for the flexibility management of electric vehicle (EV) charging pools in distribution networks under uncertainty. The SOPF considers discrete utility functions from charging pools as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-08 Juan S. Giraldo , Nataly Banol Arias , Pedro P. Vergara , Maria Vlasiou , Gerwin Hoogsteen , Johann L. Hurink

Knowledge of remaining battery charge is fundamental to electric vehicle deployment. Accurate measurements of state-of-charge (SOC) cannot be directly obtained, and estimation methods must be used instead. This requires both a good model of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-29 Jasper Knox , Mark Blyth , Alastair Hales

For the battery management system of electric vehicle, accurate estimation of the State of Charge of Lithium-ion battery can effectively avoid structural damage caused by overcharge or over discharge inside the battery. Considering that the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Jierui Wang , Wentao Yu , Guoyang Cheng , Lin Chen

This article examines the problem of Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) battery state estimation. Such estimation is important for the online management of this energy-dense chemistry. The literature uses equivalent circuit models (ECMs) for Li-S state…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-17 Chu Xu , Timothy Cleary , Daiwei Wang , Guoxing Li , Christopher Rahn , Donghai Wang , Rajesh Rajamani , Hosam K. Fathy

Traditional state estimation (SE) methods that are based on nonlinear minimization of the sum of localized measurement error functionals are known to suffer from non-convergence and large residual errors. In this paper we propose an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-01 Shimiao Li , Amritanshu Pandey , Soummya Kar , Larry Pileggi

Accurately predicting the state of charge of Lithium-ion batteries is essential to the performance of battery management systems of electric vehicles. One of the main reasons for the slow global adoption of electric cars is driving range…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-23 Hadeel Aboueidah , Abdulrahman Altahhan

Li-ion batteries are essential for the energy supply of satellites. The accurate estimation of their states is important for the reliable and safe operation in space. This paper introduces a new algorithm for the estimation of SOC and SOH.…

Robust and Real-time State of Charge (SOC) estimation is essential for Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries, which are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems due to safety and longevity. However, the flat Open…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-03 Junzhe Shi , Shida Jiang , Shengyu Tao , Jaewong Lee , Manashita Borah , Scott Moura

A charging system is required to convert ac electricity from the grid to dc electricity to charge an electric vehicle (EV) battery. According to the Society of Automatic Engineers (SAE) standard, EV chargers can be divided into three levels…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-05 Li Bao , Lingling Fan , Zhixin Miao