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Terrestrial planets form in a series of dynamical steps from the solid component of circumstellar disks. First, km-sized planetesimals form likely via a combination of sticky collisions, turbulent concentration of solids, and gravitational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Sean N. Raymond

The solar system planetary architecture has been proposed to be consistent with the terrestrial and giant planets forming from material rings at ~1 au and ~5 au, respectively. Here, we show that super-Earths and mini-Neptunes may share a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-08 Sho Shibata , Andre Izidoro

Super-Earths possess low-mass H$_2$/He atmospheres (typically less than 10% by mass). However, the origins of super-Earth atmospheres have not yet been ascertained. We investigate the role of rapid disk clearing by photoevaporation during…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-26 Masahiro Ogihara , Masanobu Kunitomo , Yasunori Hori

The dynamics of planetesimals plays an important role in planet formation, because their velocity distribution sets the growth rate to larger bodies. When planetesimals form in protoplanetary discs, their orbits are nearly circular and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 Sebastian Lorek , Anders Johansen

I examine the standard model of planet formation, including pebble accretion, using numerical simulations. Planetary embryos large enough to become giant planets do not form beyond the ice line within a typical disk lifetime unless icy…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-06 J. E. Chambers

The planetary mass-radius diagram is an observational result of central importance to understand planet formation. We present an updated version of our planet formation model based on the core accretion paradigm which allows to calculate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 C. Mordasini , Y. Alibert , W. Benz , H. Klahr

The standard formation model of close-in low-mass planets involves efficient inward migration followed by growth through giant impacts after the protoplanetary gas disk disperses. While detailed N-body simulations have enhanced our…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Tadahiro Kimura , Eiichiro Kokubo , Yuji Matsumoto , Christoph Mordasini , Masahiro Ikoma

Using N-body simulations with planet-disk interactions, we present a mechanism capable of forming compact systems of hot super Earths such as Kepler 11. Recent studies show that outward migration is common in the inner parts of radiative…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Christophe Cossou , Sean N. Raymond , Arnaud Pierens

One of the most challenging problems we face in our understanding of planet formation is how Jupiter and Saturn could have formed before the the solar nebula dispersed. The most popular model of giant planet formation is the so-called 'core…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 H. F. Levison , E. Thommes , M. J. Duncan

One of the current challenges of planet formation theory is to explain the enrichment of observed exoplanetary atmospheres. Past studies have focused on scenarios where either pebbles or planetesimals were the heavy element enrichment's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-08 Claudia Danti , Bertram Bitsch , Jingyi Mah

Our recent N-body simulations of planetary system formation, incorporating models for the main physical processes thought to be important during the building of planets (i.e. gas disc evolution, migration, planetesimal/boulder accretion,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-27 Gavin A. L. Coleman , Richard P. Nelson

The conditions in the protoplanetary disc are determinant for the various planet formation mechanisms. We present a framework which combines self-consistent disc structures with the calculations of the growth rates of planetary embryos via…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-23 Sofia Savvidou , Bertram Bitsch

The existence of planets born in environments highly perturbed by a stellar companion represents a major challenge to the paradigm of planet formation. In numerical simulations, the presence of a close binary companion stirs up the relative…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Stefano Meschiari

Recent exoplanet observations have revealed a diversity of exoplanetary systems, which suggests the ubiquity of radial planetary migration. One powerful known mechanism of planetary migration is planetesimal-driven migration (PDM), which…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-03 Tenri Jinno , Takayuki R. Saitoh , Yoko Funato , Junichiro Makino

A new view of disk evolution is emerging from self-consistent numerical simulation modeling of the formation of circumstellar disks from the direct collapse of prestellar cloud cores. This has implications for many aspects of star and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Shantanu Basu , Eduard I. Vorobyov

An unsolved issue in the standard core accretion model for gaseous planet formation is how kilometre-sized planetesimals form from, initially, micron-sized dust grains. Solid growth beyond metre sizes can be difficult both because the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 W. K. M. Rice , G. Lodato , J. E. Pringle , P. J. Armitage , I. A. Bonnell

We have investigated the problem of the distribution of both masses and orbital radii of planets resulting from the gas-accretion, gas-capture model. First we followed the evolution of gas and solids from the moment where all solids are in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Kacper Kornet , Sebastian Wolf

Massive planetary cores ($\sim 10$ Earth masses) trigger rapid gas accretion to form gas giant planets \rev{such as} Jupiter and Saturn. We investigate the core growth and the possibilities for cores to reach such a critical core mass. At…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Hiroshi Kobayashi , Hidekazu Tanaka , Alexander V. Krivov

We present numerical simulations of terrestrial planet formation that examine the growth continuously from planetesimals to planets in the inner Solar System. Previous studies show that the growth will be inside-out, but it is still common…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-05 Kevin J. Walsh , Harold F. Levison

More than half of stars reside in binary or multiple star systems and many planets have been found in binary systems. From theoretical point of view, however, whether or not the planetary formation proceeds in a binary system is a very…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yusuke Tsukamoto , Junichiro Makino