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The notion of data depth has long been in use to obtain robust location and scale estimates in a multivariate setting. The depth of an observation is a measure of its centrality, with respect to a data set or a distribution. The data depths…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-09-29 Sara López-Pintado , Rebecka Jornsten

Many clustering algorithms when the data are curves or functions have been recently proposed. However, the presence of contamination in the sample of curves can influence the performance of most of them. In this work we propose a robust,…

Multivariate functional data present theoretical and practical complications which are not found in univariate functional data. One of these is a situation where the component functions of multivariate functional data are positive and are…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-09 Cody Carroll , Hans-Georg Müller

Functional data analysis, which handles data arising from curves, surfaces, volumes, manifolds and beyond in a variety of scientific fields, is a rapidly developing area in modern statistics and data science in the recent decades. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-21 Xiaoke Zhang , Wu Xue , Qiyue Wang

Density estimation plays a crucial role in many data analysis tasks, as it infers a continuous probability density function (PDF) from discrete samples. Thus, it is used in tasks as diverse as analyzing population data, spatial locations in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Patrik Puchert , Pedro Hermosilla , Tobias Ritschel , Timo Ropinski

Despite their widespread success, the application of deep neural networks to functional data remains scarce today. The infinite dimensionality of functional data means standard learning algorithms can be applied only after appropriate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-22 Junwen Yao , Jonas Mueller , Jane-Ling Wang

Functional data analysis is ubiquitous in most areas of sciences and engineering. Several paradigms are proposed to deal with the dimensionality problem which is inherent to this type of data. Sparseness, penalization, thresholding, among…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-05 Rodney V. Fonseca , Aluísio Pinheiro

We introduce a statistical method for modeling and forecasting functional panel data represented by multiple densities. Density functions are nonnegative and have a constrained integral and thus do not constitute a linear vector space. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-10 Cristian F. Jiménez-Varón , Ying Sun , Han Lin Shang

We propose an alternative to $k$-nearest neighbors for functional data whereby the approximating neighboring curves are piecewise functions built from a functional sample. Using a locally defined distance function that satisfies…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-02 Antonio Elías , Raúl Jiménez , Joe Yukich

Scientific computations or measurements may result in huge volumes of data. Often these can be thought of representing a real-valued function on a high-dimensional domain, and can be conceptually arranged in the format of a tensor of high…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-09-24 Mike Espig , Wolfgang Hackbusch , Alexander Litvinenko , Hermann G. Matthies , Elmar Zander

Function encoders are a recent technique that learn neural network basis functions to form compact, adaptive representations of Hilbert spaces of functions. We show that function encoders provide a principled connection to feature learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Su Ann Low , Quentin Rommel , Kevin S. Miller , Adam J. Thorpe , Ufuk Topcu

In inverse problems, one attempts to infer spatially variable functions from indirect measurements of a system. To practitioners of inverse problems, the concept of "information" is familiar when discussing key questions such as which parts…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-12 Wolfgang Bangerth , Chris R. Johnson , Dennis K. Njeru , Bart van Bloemen Waanders

Clustering techniques applied to multivariate data are a very useful tool in Statistics and have been fully studied in the literature. Nevertheless, these clustering methodologies are less well known when dealing with functional data. Our…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-01 Belén Pulido , Alba María Franco-Pereira , Rosa Elvira Lillo

Density ratio estimation serves as an important technique in the unsupervised machine learning toolbox. However, such ratios are difficult to estimate for complex, high-dimensional data, particularly when the densities of interest are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Kristy Choi , Madeline Liao , Stefano Ermon

In this article, we study the convergence behavior of the regularization-based algorithm for solving the polynomial regression model when both input data and responses are from infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. We derive convergence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Naveen Gupta , Sivananthan Sampath

Spatially distributed functional data are prevalent in many statistical applications such as meteorology, energy forecasting, census data, disease mapping, and neurological studies. Given their complex and high-dimensional nature,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Suneel Babu Chatla , Ruiqi Liu

Sparse functional/longitudinal data have attracted widespread interest due to the prevalence of such data in social and life sciences. A prominent scenario where such data are routinely encountered are accelerated longitudinal studies,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-24 Yidong Zhou , Hans-Georg Müller

We propose a density functional to find the ground state energy and density of interacting particles, where both the density and the pair density can adjust in the presence of an inhomogeneous potential. As a proof of principle we formulate…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-06-11 J. Lorenzana , Z. -J. Ying , V. Brosco

This book deals with functions allowing to express the dissimilarity (discrepancy) between two data fields or ''divergence functions'' with the aim of applications to linear inverse problems. Most of the divergences found in the litterature…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-04 Henri Lantéri

Estimating density functionals of analog sources is an important problem in statistical signal processing and information theory. Traditionally, estimating these quantities requires either making parametric assumptions about the underlying…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-19 Alan Wisler , Kevin Moon , Visar Berisha