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An obfuscator is an algorithm that translates circuits into functionally-equivalent similarly-sized circuits that are hard to understand. Efficient obfuscators would have many applications in cryptography. Until recently, theoretical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Gorjan Alagic , Stacey Jeffery , Stephen P. Jordan

Refactoring is an established technique from the object-oriented (OO) programming community to restructure code: it aims at improving software readability, maintainability and extensibility. Although refactoring is not tied to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Alexander Serebrenik , Tom Schrijvers , Bart Demoen

In this work, we consider an inversion attack on the obfuscated input embeddings sent to a language model on a server, where the adversary has no access to the language model or the obfuscation mechanism and sees only the obfuscated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Kaan Kale , Kyle Mylonakis , Jay Roberts , Sidhartha Roy

A range of methodologies and techniques are available to guide the design and implementation of language extensions and domain-specific languages. A simple yet powerful technique is based on source-to-source transformations interleaved…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Zoé Drey , José F. Morales , Manuel V. Hermenegildo

Deobfuscating binary code remains a fundamental challenge in reverse engineering, as obfuscation is widely used to hinder analysis and conceal program logic. Although large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in recovering semantics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Li Hu , Xiuwei Shang , Jieke Shi , Shaoyin Cheng , Junqi Zhang , Gangyang Li , Zhou Yang , Weiming Zhang , David Lo

An oblivious computation is one that is free of direct and indirect information leaks, e.g., due to observable differences in timing and memory access patterns. This paper presents Lambda Obliv, a core language whose type system enforces…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-11-14 David Darais , Ian Sweet , Chang Liu , Michael Hicks

Logic locking aims to prevent intellectual property (IP) piracy and unauthorized overproduction of integrated circuits (ICs). However, initial logic locking techniques were vulnerable to the Boolean satisfiability (SAT)-based attacks. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Lilas Alrahis , Satwik Patnaik , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Program obfuscation aims to hide the inner workings of a program while preserving its functionality. In the quantum setting, recent works have obtained obfuscation schemes for specialized classes of quantum circuits. For instance, Bartusek,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Mi-Ying Huang , Er-Cheng Tang

The ability to efficiently detect the software protections used is at a prime to facilitate the selection and application of adequate deob-fuscation techniques. We present a novel approach that combines semantic reasoning techniques with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Ramtine Tofighi-Shirazi , Irina Mariuca Asavoae , Philippe Elbaz-Vincent

Logic Obfuscation is a well renowned design-for-trust solution to protect an Integrated Circuit (IC) from unauthorized use and illegal overproduction by including key-gates to lock the design. This is particularly necessary for ICs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Haimanti Chakraborty , Ranga Vemuri

In the last decade, machine translation has become a popular means to deal with multilingual digital content. By providing higher quality translations, obfuscating the source language of a text becomes more attractive. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Benjamin Murauer , Michael Tschuggnall , Günther Specht

The task of obfuscating writing style using sequence models has previously been investigated under the framework of obfuscation-by-transfer, where the input text is explicitly rewritten in another style. These approaches also often lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Chris Emmery , Enrique Manjavacas , Grzegorz Chrupała

Warnings have been raised about the steady diminution of privacy. More and more personal information, such as that contained electronic mail, is moving to cloud computing servers where it might be machine-searched and indexed. FauxCrypt is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Devlin M. Gualtieri

Plagiarism detection in programming education faces growing challenges due to increasingly sophisticated obfuscation techniques, particularly automated refactoring-based attacks. While code plagiarism detection systems used in education…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Robin Maisch , Larissa Schmid , Timur Sağlam , Nils Niehues

Software obfuscation is widely used by Android developers to protect the source code of their applications against adversarial reverse-engineering efforts. A specific type of obfuscation, string obfuscation, transforms the content of all…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Martijn de Vos , Johan Pouwelse

Integrated circuit (IC) piracy and overproduction are serious issues that threaten the security and integrity of a system. Logic locking is a type of hardware obfuscation technique where additional key gates are inserted into the circuit.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Michael Yue , Fatemeh Tehranipoor

The Logic Programming through Prolog has been widely used for supply persistence in many systems that need store knowledge. Some implementations of Prolog Programming Language used for supply persistence have bidirectional interfaces with…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-05-02 José E. Zalacain Llanes

Distinguishing AI-generated code from human-written code is becoming crucial for tasks such as authorship attribution, content tracking, and misuse detection. Based on this, N-gram-based watermarking schemes have emerged as prominent, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Gehao Zhang , Eugene Bagdasarian , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma

We present a method for verifying partial correctness properties of imperative programs that manipulate integers and arrays by using techniques based on the transformation of constraint logic programs (CLP). We use CLP as a metalanguage for…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-09-23 Emanuele De Angelis , Fabio Fioravanti , Alberto Pettorossi , Maurizio Proietti

The web is experiencing an explosive growth in the last years. New technologies are introduced at a very fast-pace with the aim of narrowing the gap between web-based applications and traditional desktop applications. The results are web…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-07-14 Alfredo De Santis , Giancarlo De Maio , Umberto Ferraro Petrillo