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Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a popular introduction to quantum technologies used in education and public outreach, as very little background in quantum theory is needed and the practical applications are easily understood. There is…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-01-27 Brian R. La Cour , Noah A. Davis

Quantum computing is a technology that promises to offer significant advantages during the coming decades. Though the technology is still in a prototype stage, the last few years have seen many of these prototype devices become accessible…

In this paper, we present the Quantum Information Software Developer Kit - Qiskit, for teaching quantum computing to undergraduate students, with basic knowledge of quantum mechanics postulates. We focus on presenting the construction of…

In this paper, we investigate properties of some multi-particle entangled states and, from the properties applying the secret sharing present a new type of quantum key distribution protocols as generalization of quantum key distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sora Choi , Jinsoo Kim , Dong Pyo Chi

Quantum information and quantum foundations are becoming popular topics for advanced undergraduate courses. Many of the fundamental concepts and applications in these two fields, such as delayed choice experiments and quantum encryption,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-07 Tarek A. Elsayed

We present a quantum key distribution protocol based on four-level particles entanglement. Furthermore, a controlled quantum key distribution protocol is proposed by utilizing three four-level particles. We show that the two protocols are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-07 Tao Yan , Fengli Yan

We present two robust quantum key distribution protocols against two kinds of collective noise, following some ideas in quantum dense coding. Three-qubit entangled states are used as quantum information carriers, two of which forming the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-12 Xi-Han Li , Bao-Kui Zhao , Yu-Bo Sheng , Fu-Guo Deng , Hong-Yu Zhou

We describe the difficulties advanced undergraduate and graduate students have with quantum measurement. To reduce these difficulties, we have developed research-based learning tools such as the Quantum Interactive Learning Tutorial (QuILT)…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-02-19 Guangtian Zhu , Chandralekha Singh

Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a process that leverages quantum entanglement and local operations to transfer energy between two spatially separated locations without physically transporting particles or energy carriers. We construct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Shlomi Dolev , Kazuki Ikeda , Yaron Oz

We develop a "qubit information logic" (QIL) theory that uses the "qubit information equation" (QIE) and logic to describe the correlation behaviors of multi-qubit entanglement. Introducing the "global information status" and "local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Zixuan Hu , Sabre Kais

It has become increasingly common for high-school students to see media reports on the importance of quantum mechanics in the development of next-generation industries such as drug development and secure communication, but few of them have…

Physics Education · Physics 2019-08-30 Maria Jose Carreño , Jonathan Sepúlveda , Silvia Tecpan , Carla Hernández , Felipe Herrera

We describe the experimental test of a quantum key distribution performed with a two-way protocol without using entanglement. An individual incoherent eavesdropping is simulated and induces a variable amount of noise on the communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-14 A. Cere' , M. Lucamarini , G. Di Giuseppe , P. Tombesi

Secure communication protocols are becoming increasingly important, e.g. for internet-based communication. Quantum key distribution allows two parties, commonly called Alice and Bob, to generate a secret sequence of 0s and 1s called a key…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-04-05 Antje Kohnle , Aluna Rizzoli

This tutorial intends to introduce readers with a background in AI to quantum machine learning (QML) -- a rapidly evolving field that seeks to leverage the power of quantum computers to reshape the landscape of machine learning. For…

In recent times, secure quantum communication in layered networks has emerged as an important area of study. In this paper, we harness the potential offered by multidimensional states in secure quantum communication with only one quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Rajni Bala , Sooryansh Asthana , V. Ravishankar

We review the main protocols for key distribution based on principles of quantum mechanics, describing the general underlying ideas, discussing implementation requirements and pointing out directions of current experiments. The issue of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dagmar Bruß , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We present three quantum key distribution protocols using entangled state. In the first two protocols, all Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs are used to distribute a secret key except those chosen for eavesdropping check, because the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jian Wang , Quan Zhang , Chao-jing Tang

A quantum cryptographic protocol based in public key cryptography combinations and private key cryptography is presented. Unlike the BB84 protocol [1] and its many variants [2,3] two quantum channels are used. The present research does not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-15 Eduin H. Serna

The secure transfer of information is an important problem in modern telecommunications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution to this problem by using individual quantum systems to generate correlated bits between remote…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-02 S. Etcheverry , G. Cañas , E. S. Gómez , W. A. T. Nogueira , C. Saavedra , G. B. Xavier , G. Lima

In this paper, we propose a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on only a two-dimensional Hilbert space encoding a quantum system and independent devices between the equipment for state preparation and measurement. Our protocol is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Hong-Wei Li , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Wei Chen , Shuang Wang , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han