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A pulsar's pulse profile gets broadened at low frequencies due to dispersion along the line of sight or due to multi-path propagation. The dynamic nature of the interstellar medium makes both of these effects time-dependent and introduces…

In substations, the presence of random transient impulsive interference sources makes noise highly non-Gaussian. In this paper, the primary interest is to provide a general model for wireless channel in presence of these transient impulsive…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-04-28 Minh Au , Basile L. Agba , François Gagnon

Signals from radio pulsars show a wavelength-dependent delay due to dispersion in the interstellar plasma. At a typical observing wavelength, this delay can vary by tens of microseconds on five-year time scales, far in excess of signals of…

In this work we review the application of the theory of Gaussian processes to the modeling of noise in pulsar-timing data analysis, and we derive various useful and optimized representations for the likelihood expressions that are needed in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-19 Rutger van Haasteren , Michele Vallisneri

While particle trajectories encode information on their governing potentials, potentials can be challenging to robustly extract from trajectories. Measurement errors may corrupt a particle's position, and sparse sampling of the potential…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-02-08 J. Shepard Bryan , Prithviraj Basak , John Bechhoefer , Steve Presse

Pulsar timing arrays aim to detect nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). A background of GWs modulates pulsar arrival times and manifests as a stochastic process, common to all pulsars, with a signature spatial correlation. Here we…

For time series data observed at non-random and possibly non-equidistant time points, we estimate the trend function nonparametrically. Under the assumption of a bounded total variation of the function and low-order moment conditions on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-13 Michael H. Neumann , Anne Leucht

The standard noise model in gravitational wave (GW) data analysis assumes detector noise is stationary and Gaussian distributed, with a known power spectral density (PSD) that is usually estimated using clean off-source data. Real GW data…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-09-16 Matthew C. Edwards , Renate Meyer , Nelson Christensen

We develop an interpolation-based framework for noisy linear systems with unknown system matrix with bounded norm (implying bounded growth or non-increasing energy), and bounded process noise energy. The proposed approach characterizes all…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-17 Martina Vanelli , Nima Monshizadeh , Julien M. Hendrickx

We extend our previous work on applying CMB techniques to the mapping of gravitational-wave backgrounds to backgrounds which have non-GR polarisations. Our analysis and results are presented in the context of pulsar-timing array…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-02 Jonathan R. Gair , Joseph D. Romano , Stephen R. Taylor

We present two methods for determining the significance of a stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background affecting a pulsar-timing array, where detection is based on evidence for quadrupolar spatial correlations between pulsars. Rather…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-13 S. R. Taylor , L. Lentati , S. Babak , P. Brem , J. R. Gair , A. Sesana , A. Vecchio

The use of pulsars as astrophysical clocks for gravitational wave experiments demands the highest possible timing precision. Pulse times of arrival (TOAs) are limited by stochastic processes that occur in the pulsar itself, along the line…

The sensitivity of gravitational-wave (GW) detectors is characterized by their noise curves, which determine the detector's reach and ability to measure the parameters of astrophysical sources accurately. The detector noise is typically…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-21 Sumit Kumar , Alexander H. Nitz , Xisco Jiménez Forteza

I discuss approaches to optimally remove noise from images. A generalization of Wiener filtering to Non-Gaussian distributions and wavelets is described, as well as an approach to measure the errors in the reconstructed images. We argue…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Ue-Li Pen

Glitches represent a category of non-Gaussian and transient noise that frequently intersects with gravitational wave (GW) signals, exerting a notable impact on the processing of GW data. The inference of GW parameters, crucial for GW…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-15 Tian-Yang Sun , Chun-Yu Xiong , Shang-Jie Jin , Yu-Xin Wang , Jing-Fei Zhang , Xin Zhang

Sparse linear inverse problems appear in a variety of settings, but often the noise contaminating observations cannot accurately be described as bounded by or arising from a Gaussian distribution. Poisson observations in particular are a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-14 Xin Jiang , Patricia Reynaud-Bouret , Vincent Rivoirard , Laure Sansonnet , Rebecca Willett

On the basis of input-output time-domain data collected from a complex simulator, this paper proposes a constructive methodology to infer a reduced-order linear, bilinear or quadratic time invariant dynamical model reproducing the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-12-15 Charles Poussot-Vassal , Tiphaine Sabatier , Claire Sarrat , Pierre Vuillemin

We consider the problem of fitting a parametric model to time-series data that are afflicted by correlated noise. The noise is represented by a sum of two stationary Gaussian processes: one that is uncorrelated in time, and another that has…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Joshua A. Carter , Joshua N. Winn

An understanding of pulsar timing noise offers the potential to improve the timing precision of a large number of pulsars as well as facilitating our understanding of pulsar magnetospheres. For some sources, timing noise is attributable to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-02-07 B. Shaw , B. W. Stappers , P. Weltevrede

The analysis of gravitational wave interferometer data requires estimates for the noise covariance matrix. For stationary noise, this amounts to estimating the power spectrum. Classical methods such as Welch averaging are used in many…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-05 Toral Gupta , Neil Cornish