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Recent experiments at free-electron laser x-ray sources have been able to resolve the intensity distributions about Bragg peaks in nanocrystals of large biomolecules. Information derived from small shifts in the peak positions augment the…
We describe how a single-particle tracking experiment should be designed in order for its recorded trajectories to contain the most information about a tracked particle's diffusion coefficient. The precision of estimators for the diffusion…
This article describes two independent developments aimed at improving the Particle Tracking Method for measurements of flow or particle velocities. First, a stereoscopic multicamera calibration method that does not require any optical…
We demonstrate a novel, single-shot ultrafast diagnostic, based on the dispersion-scan (d-scan) technique. In this implementation, rather than scanning wedges to vary the dispersion as in standard d-scan, the pulse to be measured…
Since Perutz, Kendrew and colleagues unveiled the structure of hemoglobin and myoglobin based on X-ray diffraction analysis in the 1950s, X-ray crystallography has become the primary methodology used to determine the 3D structure of…
We have developed a liquid jet injector system that can be used for hydrated sample delivery at X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) sources and 3rd generation synchrotron sources. The injector is based on the Gas Dynamic Virtual Nozzle (GDVN),…
In complex plasmas, the behavior of freely floating micrometer sized particles is studied. The particles can be directly visualized and recorded by digital video cameras. To analyze the dynamics of single particles, reliable algorithms are…
A new methodology for fundamental studies of radiation effects in solids is herein introduced by using a plasma Focused Ion Beam (PFIB). The classical example of ion-induced amorphization of single-crystalline pure Si is used as a…
Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is a promising imaging technique revealing most of the information from diffraction measurements. An ideal CDI should reconstruct complex-valued object from a single-shot far-field diffraction without any…
Serial diffraction of proteins requires an injection method to deliver protein molecules - preferably uncharged, fully hydrated, spatially oriented, and with high flux - into the crossed beams of an alignment laser and a focused probe beam…
Ultra-high dose rate radiation therapy (FLASH) based on proton irradiation is of major interest for cancer treatments but creates new challenges for dose monitoring. Amorphous hydrogenated silicon is known to be one of the most…
While electron microscopy offers crucial atomic-resolution insights into structure-property relationships, radiation damage severely limits its use on beam-sensitive materials like proteins and 2D materials. To overcome this challenge, we…
X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) can probe chemical and biological reactions as they unfold with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. A principal challenge in this pursuit is the delivery of samples to the X-ray interaction…
Three-dimensional particle tracking is an essential tool in studying dynamics under the microscope, namely, fluid dynamics in microfluidic devices, bacteria taxis, cellular trafficking. The 3d position can be determined using 2d imaging…
Point supervision has become a scalable solution to address dense annotation for infrared small target detection, but its performance is limited by two coupled bottlenecks: unstable pseudo-label evolution in cluttered, low-contrast infrared…
A key ingredient for single particle diffractive imaging experiments is the successful and efficient delivery of sample. Current sample-delivery methods are based on aerosol injectors in which the samples are driven by fluid-dynamic forces.…
A method is proposed for obtaining three simultaneous projections of a target from a single radiation pulse, which also allows the relative orientation of successive targets to be determined. The method has application to femtosecond X-ray…
We have recorded the coherent diffraction images of individual xenon clusters with intense extreme ultraviolet pulses to elucidate the influence of light-induced electronic changes on the diffraction pattern. Using the FLASH free-electron…
The wavefront measurement of a light beam is a complex task, which often requires a series of spatially resolved intensity measurements. For instance, a detector array may be used to measure the local phase gradient in the transverse plane…
We demonstrate a grazing-incidence x-ray platform that simultaneously records time-resolved grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) and grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction (GID) from a femtosecond laser-irradiated gold film…