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Supermassive black hole binaries source gravitational waves measured by Pulsar Timing Arrays. The frequency spectrum of this stochastic background is predicted more precisely than its amplitude. We argue that Dark Matter friction can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-04 Anish Ghoshal , Alessandro Strumia

Ground-based gravitational-wave detectors like the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA experiments now regularly witness gravitational waves from compact binary mergers: the relativistic collisions of neutron stars and/or stellar-mass…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-28 T. A. Callister

In this thesis we consider the data analysis problem of detecting gravitational waves emitted by inspiraling binary systems. Detection of gravitational waves will open a new window on the Universe enabling direct detection of systems such…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-02-10 Gareth Jones

Gravitational waves (GWs) are fluctuations in the fabric of spacetime predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity. Using a collection of millisecond pulsars as high-precision clocks, the nanohertz band of this radiation is likely…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 P. Demorest , J. Lazio , A. Lommen

In the summer of 2023, the pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) announced a compelling evidence for the existence of a nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). Despite this breakthrough, however, several critical questions remain…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-16 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

Pulsar timing arrays record gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binaries at two spacetime points: an Earth term, measured when the wave passes the Earth, and a pulsar term, measured when the wave passed each pulsar at an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-24 Qinyuan Zheng , Bence Bécsy , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli

The ultrahigh frequency emission of gravitational waves by binary systems of black holes has recently been investigated in details in the framework of new experimental ideas around resonant cavities. In this article, we consider the case of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-23 Pierre Jamet , Aurélien Barrau , Killian Martineau

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments have entered a new era with evidence for a nanoHertz gravitational wave background (GWB). This review describes the physics of detection, detailing the noise models and cross-correlation techniques…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-01 C. M. F. Mingarelli , J. A. Casey-Clyde , Y. T. Chang , E. Eisenberg , F. Hutchison , N. Khusid , B. Larsen , A. Moran , F. Semenzato , L. Willson , Q. Zheng

In dense stellar regions, highly eccentric binaries of black holes and neutron stars can form through various n-body interactions. Such a binary could emit a significant fraction of its binding energy in a sequence of largely isolated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-19 Kai Sheng Tai , Sean T. McWilliams , Frans Pretorius

Gravitational waves (GWs) are subject to gravitational lensing in the same way as electromagnetic radiation. However, to date, no unequivocal observation of a lensed GW transient has been reported. Independently, GW observatories continue…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-24 Riccardo Buscicchio , Christopher J. Moore , Geraint Pratten , Patricia Schmidt , Matteo Bianconi , Alberto Vecchio

Next-generation gravitational-wave detectors will provide unprecedented sensitivity to inspiraling binary neutron stars and black holes, enabling detections at the peak of star formation and beyond. However, the signals from these systems…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-22 Andrew L. Miller , Neha Singh , Cristiano Palomba

The recently assembled laser-beam detectors of gravitational waves are approaching the planned level of sensitivity. In the coming 1 - 2 years, we may be observing the rare but powerful events of inspiral and merger of binary stellar-mass…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 L. P. Grishchuk

Supermassive binaries detectable by the future space gravitational-wave interferometer LISA might allow to distinguish black holes from ultracompact horizonless objects, even when the latter are motivated by quantum-gravity considerations.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-25 Andrea Maselli , Paolo Pani , Vitor Cardoso , Tiziano Abdelsalhin , Leonardo Gualtieri , Valeria Ferrari

Supermassive black hole binary mergers generate a stochastic gravitational wave background detectable by pulsar timing arrays. While the amplitude of this background is subject to significant uncertainties, the frequency dependence is a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Jeff A. Dror , Benjamin V. Lehmann , Hiren H. Patel , Stefano Profumo

Pulsars, the cosmic lighthouses, are strongly self-gravitating objects with core densities significantly exceeding nuclear density. Since the discovery of the Hulse--Taylor pulsar 50 years ago, binary pulsar studies have delivered numerous…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-15 Huanchen Hu

The recent Advanced LIGO detection of gravitational waves from the binary black hole GW150914 suggests there exists a large population of merging binary black holes in the Universe. Although most are too distant to be individually resolved…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-17 Thomas Callister , Letizia Sammut , Shi Qiu , Ilya Mandel , Eric Thrane

The first direct detection of gravitational waves may be made through observations of pulsars. The principal aim of pulsar timing array projects being carried out worldwide is to detect ultra-low frequency gravitational waves (f ~ 10^-9 to…

Recent progress in gravitational wave observations has positioned Pulsar Timing Arrays as a key tool for detecting the stochastic gravitational wave background in the nanohertz band. It is widely believed that this background is primarily…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-20 Hinano Hisamatsu , Koutarou Kyutoku

Complementary to ground-based laser interferometers, pulsar timing array experiments are being carried out to search for nanohertz gravitational waves. Using the world's most powerful radio telescopes, three major international…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-16 Xing-Jiang Zhu , Linqing Wen , George Hobbs , Richard N. Manchester , Ryan M. Shannon

Activities in data analysis and numerical simulation of gravitational waves have to date largely proceeded independently. In this work we study how waveforms obtained from numerical simulations could be effectively used within the data…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Thomas Baumgarte , Patrick Brady , Jolien D E Creighton , Luis Lehner , Frans Pretorius , Ricky DeVoe