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Weak ontic necessity is the ontic necessity expressed by ``should'' or ``ought to'' in English. An example of it is ``I should be dead by now''. A feature of this necessity is whether it holds does not have anything to do with whether its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Fengkui Ju

Some connections between the deviation equations and weak equivalence principle are investigated.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Bozhidar Z. Iliev

The logic of definitions is a family of logics for encoding and reasoning about judgments, which are atomic predicates specified by inference rules. A definition associates an atomic predicate with a logical formula, which may itself depend…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Nathan Guermond

We introduce a notion of "weak model category" which is a weakening of the notion of Quillen model category, still sufficient to define a homotopy category, Quillen adjunctions, Quillen equivalences and most of the usual construction of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-12 Simon Henry

This work is a follow-up to a poster that was presented at the DD29 conference. Participants were asked the question: ``Do you precondition on the left or on the right?''. Here we report on the results of this social experiment. We also…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Nicole Spillane , Pierre Matalon , Daniel B Szyld

Continuity is one of the most central notions in mathematics, physics, and computer science. An interesting associated topic is decompositions of continuity, where continuity is shown to be equivalent to the combination of two or more weak…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-12-23 Sam Sanders

The combination of evidence in Dempster-Shafer theory is compared with the combination of evidence in probabilistic logic. Sufficient conditions are stated for these two methods to agree. It is then shown that these conditions are minimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 Daniel Hunter

The physical meaning of weak values and measurements can be completely understood with Born rule and the general probability theory. It is known that the weak value of an observable $\hat A$ with post-selection $\langle F|$ may be out of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-02 Riuji Mochizuki

Proofs (sequent calculus, natural deduction) and imperative algorithms (pseudocodes) are two well-known coexisting concepts. Then what is their relationship? Our answer is that \[ imperative\ algorithms\ =\ proofs\ with\ cuts \] This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Keehang Kwon , Hyung Joon Kwon

We contrast the use of weakest preconditions for the correct construction of procedures with the cumulative subgoal fulfillment (CSF) approach. An example of Cohen and Monin is used for this purpose. The CSF construction process is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-04-25 Eric Braude

We show that the traditional criterion for a simplex to belong to the Delaunay triangulation of a point set is equivalent to a criterion which is a priori weaker. The argument is quite general; as well as the classical Euclidean case, it…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Vin de Silva

We give a relational and a weakest precondition semantics for "knowledge-based programs", i.e., programs that restrict observability of variables so as to richly express changes in the knowledge of agents who can or cannot observe said…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Francesco Belardinelli , Ioana Boureanu , Vadim Malvone , Solofomampionona Fortunat Rajaona

Let $M$ be G-graded R-module. The idea of a graded weakly primal submodule of $M$, which is a generalization of a graded primal submodule, is introduced and discussed in this paper. Some characteristics and characterizations are assigned to…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-06-15 Tamem Al-shorman , Malik Bataineh

Deciding in an efficient way weak probabilistic bisimulation in the context of Probabilistic Automata is an open problem for about a decade. In this work we close this problem by proposing a procedure that checks in polynomial time the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-17 Holger Hermanns , Andrea Turrini

This article extends the hypotheses assessment method to the case with two competing simple hypotheses. In doing so we further clarify the benefits that hypotheses assessments can bring to classical statistical analyses. Given that…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-25 Graham N. Bornholt

Based on a weak convergence argument, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition that guarantees that a nonnegative local martingale is indeed a martingale. Typically, conditions of this sort are expressed in terms of integrability…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-04-24 Jose Blanchet , Johannes Ruf

A classical counterexample due to E. De Giorgi, shows that the weak maximum principle does not remain true for general linear elliptic differential systems. After that, there are some efforts to establish the weak maximum principle for…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2010-09-24 Xu Liu , Xu Zhang

The present work analyzes the meaning of the Weak Equivalence Principle in the context of quantum mechanics. A quantal definition for this principle is introduced. This definition does not require the concept of trajectory and relies upon…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-18 Abel Camacho , Arturo Camacho-Guardian

We define a notion of a weak canonical base for a partial type. This notion is weaker than the usual canonical base for an amalgamation base. We prove that certain family of partial types have a weak canonical base. This family clearly…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-11-14 Ziv Shami

Weak-to-strong generalization is a phenomenon in post-training whereby a strong student model, when finetuned solely with feedback from a weaker teacher, can not only surpass the teacher, but can improve upon its own capabilities. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Scott Geng , Dutch Hansen , Jerry Li