Related papers: Comparing Weakest Precondition and Weakest Liberal…
This paper provides evidence that weak crossover effects differ in nature between matrix and relative clauses. Fukushima et al. (2024) provided similar evidence, showing that, when various non-structural factors were eliminated English…
We consider the notion of weak permission as the failure to conclude that the opposite obligation. We investigate the issue from the point of non-monotonic reasoning, specifically logic programming and structured argumentation, and we show…
In this paper we provide a theoretical analysis of counterfactual invariance. We present a variety of existing definitions, study how they relate to each other and what their graphical implications are. We then turn to the current major…
A weak invariant associated with a master equation is characterized in such a way that its spectrum is not constant in time but its expectation value is conserved under time evolution generated by the master equation. Here, an intriguing…
The predominant challenge in weakly supervised semantic parsing is that of spurious programs that evaluate to correct answers for the wrong reasons. Prior work uses elaborate search strategies to mitigate the prevalence of spurious…
Weak values are usually associated with weak measurements of an observable on a pre- and post-selected ensemble. We show that more generally, weak values are proportional to the correlation between two pointers in a successive measurement.…
We prove that all valid Herbrand equalities can be inter-procedurally inferred for programs where all assignments whose right-hand sides depend on at most one variable are taken into account. The analysis is based on procedure summaries…
Given a formal language L specified in various ways, we consider the problem of determining if L is nonempty. If L is indeed nonempty, we find upper and lower bounds on the length of the shortest string in L.
In the literature, necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of variational inequalities are introduced to characterize minimizers of convex set valued functions with values in a conlinear space. Similar results are proved for a weaker…
A question of some interest is how to characterize the amount of information that a prior puts into a statistical analysis. Rather than a general characterization, we provide an approach to characterizing the amount of information a prior…
General program equivalence is undecidable. However, if we abstract away the semantics of statements, then this problem becomes not just decidable, but practically feasible. For instance, a program of the form "if $b$ then $e$ else $f$"…
The arrival time probability distribution is defined by analogy with the classical mechanics. The difficulty of requirement to have the values of non-commuting operators is circumvented using the concept of weak measurements. The proposed…
We say that an infinite word w is weak abelian periodic if it can be factorized into finite words with the same frequencies of letters. In the paper we study properties of weak abelian periodicity, its relations with balance and frequency.…
This paper provides conditions (i) to distinguish weak supercyclicity form supercyclicity for operators acting on normed and Banach spaces, and also (ii) to ensure when weak supercyclicity implies weak stability.
A new version of a weak nonlinear law of large numbers proposed. The existence of the first moment for any summand is not assumed. The assumption of independence is understood in the nonlinear sense, and may be further a little relaxed.
In this paper, we present a formal analysis of temporally sensitive counterfactual conditionals. We observe a set of key metaphysical and conceptual problems in regards to counterfactual statements and time. Bearing that in mind, we present…
Reasoning with LLMs increasingly unfolds inside a broader verification loop. Internally, systems use cheap checks, such as self-consistency or proxy rewards, which we call weak verification. Externally, users inspect outputs and steer the…
When one studies the structure (e.g. graded ideals, graded subspaces, radicals, ...) or graded polynomial identities of graded algebras, the grading group itself does not play an important role, but can be replaced by any other group that…
Qualitative and quantitative approaches to reasoning about uncertainty can lead to different logical systems for formalizing such reasoning, even when the language for expressing uncertainty is the same. In the case of reasoning about…
LANL Memorandum of potentially broad interest. A direct comparison is performed between transport coefficients for weakly coupled plasmas obtained with different formalisms to demonstrate that these formalisms give identical predictions.…