Related papers: Unification of Force and Substance
In this comment it is argued that the argument for a unique determination of the electromagnetic potentials in classical electrodynamics in [1] is flawed. To the contrary the "gauge freedom" of the electromagnetic potentials has proven as…
A new formulation of electromagnetism based on linear differential commutator brackets is developed. Maxwell equations are derived, using these commutator brackets, from the vector potential $\vec{A}$, the scalar potential $\phi$ and the…
The object of this contribution is twofold. On one hand, it rises some general questions concerning the definition of the electromagnetic field and its intrinsic properties, and it proposes concepts and ways to answer them. On the other…
Classical, Quantum, Relativistic and Statistical: the four branches of mechanics. However, the Quattro Donna of Physics disagree even about the entities that are supposed to be fundamental, such as space, matter and time. In order to search…
Maxwell equations (Faraday and Ampere-Maxwell laws) can be presented as a three component equation in a way similar to the two component neutrino equation. However, in this case, the electric and magnetic Gauss's laws can not be derived…
A unified field theory for the description of matter in a curved space is discussed. The description is based on a standard Lagrangianian formalism in a pseudo-Euclidian 4D continuum using a 3-index tensor as independent variables. The…
Starting from the action function, we have derived a theoretical background that leads to the quantization of gravity and the deduction of a correlation between the gravitational and the inertial masses, which depends on the kinetic…
We discuss under what conditions the duality between electric and magnetic fields is a valid symmetry of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. It is shown that Maxwell's equations in the absence of free charges satisfy duality invariance on…
We reevaluate the status of the gauge principle and reposition it as an intermediary structure dependent on the initial conditions we endow on our theory. We explore how the gauge symmetry manifests in the context of basic quantum…
A framework based on an extension of Kaluza's original idea of using a five dimensional space to unify gravity with electromagnetism is used to analyze Maxwell\'{}s field equations. The extension consists in the use of a six dimensional…
Although gauge invariance preserves the values of physical observables, a gauge transformation can introduce important alterations of physical interpretations. To understand this, it is first shown that a gauge transformation is not, in…
The purpose of this article is twofold. On one hand, we rigorously derive the Newton--Maxwell equation in the Coulomb gauge from first principles of quantum electrodynamics in agreement with the formal Bohr's correspondence principle of…
A physical theory of the world is presented under the unifying principle that all of nature is laid out before us and experienced through the passage of time. The one-dimensional progression in time is opened out into a multi-dimensional…
The unification of Higgs and electromagnetic fields in the context of higher dimensional gravity is studied. We show that these fields arise from an extra large dimension together with a compact small dimension. The question of the…
The electromagnetic theory is considered in the framework of the generally covariant approach, that is applied to the analysis of electromagnetism in noninertial coordinate and frame systems. The special-relat\-ivistic formulation of…
We extend the duality symmetry between the electric and the magnetic fields to the case in which an additional axion-like term is present, and we derive the set of Maxwell's equations that preserves this symmetry. This new set of equations…
Gauge symmetries play a central role, both in the mathematical foundations as well as the conceptual construction of modern (particle) physics theories. However, it is yet unclear whether they form a necessary component of theories, or…
The phenomenological consequences of unification of Einstein gravity and electromagnetism in an early phase of a Machian universe with a very small and uniform electrical charge density $\rho_q$ are explored. A form of the Strong…
A theory of degenerate metrics is developed and applied to the problem of unifying gravitation with electromagnetism. The approach is similar to the Kaluza-Klein approach with a fifth dimension, however no ad hoc conditions are needed to…
In this paper we apply the symmetry principle in order to search for an alternative unified explanation of several cosmological puzzles such as the present stage of accelerated expansion of the Universe and the Hubble tension issue, among…