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A graph $G$ is a $(\Pi_A,\Pi_B)$-graph if $V(G)$ can be bipartitioned into $A$ and $B$ such that $G[A]$ satisfies property $\Pi_A$ and $G[B]$ satisfies property $\Pi_B$. The $(\Pi_{A},\Pi_{B})$-Recognition problem is to recognize whether a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Iyad Kanj , Christian Komusiewicz , Manuel Sorge , Erik Jan van Leeuwen

Let $G=(V, E)$ be a graph where $V$ and $E$ are the vertex and edge set, respectively. For two disjoint subsets $A$ and $B$, we say $A$ dominates $B$ if every vertex of $B$ is adjacent to at least one vertex of $A$. A vertex partition $\pi…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Subhabrata Paul , Kamal Santra

For a connected graph $G$ and $X\subseteq V(G)$, we say that two vertices $u$, $v$ are $X$-visible if there is a shortest $u,v$-path $P$ with $V(P)\cap X \subseteq \{u,v\}$. If every two vertices from $X$ are $X$-visible, then $X$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Pakanun Dokyeesun , Csilla Bujtás

An edge-colored directed graph is \emph{observable} if an agent that moves along its edges is able to determine his position in the graph after a sufficiently long observation of the edge colors. When the agent is able to determine his…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Raphael M. Jungers , Vincent D. Blondel

A rectangle visibility graph (RVG) is represented by assigning to each vertex a rectangle in the plane with horizontal and vertical sides in such a way that edges in the graph correspond to unobstructed horizontal and vertical lines of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-29 John S. Caughman , Charles L. Dunn , Joshua D. Laison , Nancy Ann Neudauer , Colin L. Starr

We present an efficient algorithm for a problem in the interface between clustering and graph embeddings. An embedding $\varphi:G\rightarrow M$ of a graph $G$ into a 2-manifold $M$ maps the vertices in $V(G)$ to distinct points and the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Hugo A. Akitaya , Radoslav Fulek , Csaba D. Tóth

We give a short, self-contained, and easily verifiable proof that determining the outerthickness of a general graph is NP-hard. This resolves a long-standing open problem on the computational complexity of outerthickness. Moreover, our…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Pin-Hsian Lee , Te-Cheng Liu , Meng-Tsung Tsai

A \emph{Stick graph} is an intersection graph of axis-aligned segments such that the left end-points of the horizontal segments and the bottom end-points of the vertical segments lie on a `ground line,' a line with slope $-1$. It is an open…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Felice De Luca , Md Iqbal Hossain , Stephen Kobourov , Anna Lubiw , Debajyoti Mondal

An \emph{s-graph} is a graph with two kinds of edges: \emph{subdivisible} edges and \emph{real} edges. A \emph{realisation} of an s-graph $B$ is any graph obtained by subdividing subdivisible edges of $B$ into paths of arbitrary length (at…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-09-05 Benjamin Lévêque , David Y. Lin , Frédéric Maffray , Nicolas Trotignon

The sets of vertices and edges of an undirected, simple, finite, connected graph $G$ are denoted by $V(G)$ and $E(G)$, respectively. An arbitrary nonempty finite subset of consecutive integers is called an interval. An injective mapping…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-10-30 Narine N. Davtyan , Arpine M. Khachatryan , Rafayel R. Kamalian

Graph representation learning is a ubiquitous task in machine learning where the goal is to embed each vertex into a low-dimensional vector space. We consider the bipartite graph and formalize its representation learning problem as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-03 Sen Na , Yuwei Luo , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Mladen Kolar

A partial complement of the graph $G$ is a graph obtained from $G$ by complementing all the edges in one of its induced subgraphs. We study the following algorithmic question: for a given graph $G$ and graph class $\mathcal{G}$, is there a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach , Torstein J. F. Strømme , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

A rectangular dual of a graph $G$ is a contact representation of $G$ by axis-aligned rectangles such that (i)~no four rectangles share a point and (ii)~the union of all rectangles is a rectangle. The partial representation extension problem…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Steven Chaplick , Philipp Kindermann , Jonathan Klawitter , Ignaz Rutter , Alexander Wolff

In the Partially Embedded Planarity problem, we are given a graph $G$ together with a topological drawing of a subgraph $H$ of $G$. The task is to decide whether the drawing can be extended to a drawing of the whole graph such that no two…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Simon D. Fink , Ignaz Rutter , Sandhya T. P

The independent set on a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a subset of $V$ such that no two vertices in the subset have an edge between them. The MIS problem on $G$ seeks to identify an independent set with maximum cardinality, i.e. maximum independent…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-26 Bhadrachalam Chitturi

If $X$ is a subset of vertices of a graph $G$, then vertices $u$ and $v$ are $X$-visible if there exists a shortest $u,v$-path $P$ such that $V(P)\cap X \subseteq \{u,v\}$. If each two vertices from $X$ are $X$-visible, then $X$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Serafino Cicerone , Gabriele Di Stefano , Lara Drozek , Jaka Hedzet , Sandi Klavzar , Ismael G. Yero

Motivated by dynamic graph visualization, we study the problem of representing a graph $G$ in the form of a \emph{storyplan}, that is, a sequence of frames with the following properties. Each frame is a planar drawing of the subgraph of $G$…

We consider two functions $\phi$ and $\psi$, defined as follows. Let $x,y \in (0,1]$ and let $A,B,C$ be disjoint nonempty subsets of a graph $G$, where every vertex in $A$ has at least $x|B|$ neighbors in $B$, and every vertex in $B$ has at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-27 Patrick Hompe

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is a \emph{word-representable graph} if there exists a word $W$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $W$ if and only if $(x,y)\in E$ for each $x\neq y$. In this paper we give an effective…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-29 Magnús M. Halldórsson , Sergey Kitaev , Artem Pyatkin

Over the past twenty years, rectangle visibility graphs have generated considerable interest, in part due to their applicability to VLSI chip design. Here we study unit rectangle visibility graphs, with fixed dimension restrictions more…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-10-12 Alice Dean , Joanna A. Ellis-Monaghan , Sarah Hamilton , Greta Pangborn