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The $3$-colorability problem is a well-known NP-complete problem and it remains NP-complete for $bull$-free graphs, where a $bull$ is the graph consisting of a $K_3$ with two pendant edges attached to two of its vertices. In this paper, for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Nadzieja Hodur , Monika Pilśniak , Magdalena Prorok , Ingo Schiermeyer

For an integer $r$, the graph $P_6+rP_3$ has $r+1$ components, one of which is a path on $6$ vertices, and each of the others is a path on $3$ vertices. In this paper we provide a polynomial-time algorithm to test if a graph with no induced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-03 Maria Chudnovsky , Shenwei Huang , Sophie Spirkl , Mingxian Zhong

We show that determining the chromatic number of a $\{P_5,\bar{P_5}\}$-free graph or a $\{P_5,K_p-e\}$-free graph can be done in polynomial time

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-10 D. S. Malyshev , O. O. Lobanova

In this paper we show that it can be decided in polynomial time whether or not the visibility graph of a given point set is 4-colourable, and such a 4-colouring, if it exists, can also be constructed in polynomial time. We show that the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Ajit Arvind Diwan , Bodhayan Roy

The $k$-Colouring problem is to decide if the vertices of a graph can be coloured with at most $k$ colours for a fixed integer $k$ such that no two adjacent vertices are coloured alike. If each vertex u must be assigned a colour from a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Tereza Klimošová , Josef Malík , Tomáš Masařík , Jana Novotná , Daniël Paulusma , Veronika Slívová

We study the Max Partial $k$-Coloring problem, where we are given a vertex-weighted graph, and we ask for a maximum-weight induced subgraph that admits a proper $k$-coloring. For $k=1$ this problem coincides with Maximum Weight Independent…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Nadzieja Hodur , Monika Pilśniak , Magdalena Prorok , Paweł Rzążewski

Let $L$ be a set of graphs. $Free$($L$) is the set of graphs that do not contain any graph in $L$ as an induced subgraph. It is known that if $L$ is a set of four-vertex graphs, then the complexity of the coloring problem for $Free$($L$) is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-26 Dallas J. Fraser , Angèle M. Hamel , Chính T. Hoàng

The 3-coloring of hereditary graph classes has been a deeply-researched problem in the last decade. A hereditary graph class is characterized by a (possibly infinite) list of minimal forbidden induced subgraphs $H_1,H_2,\ldots$; the graphs…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Vít Jelínek , Tereza Klimošová , Tomáš Masařík , Jana Novotná , Aneta Pokorná

The diamond is the graph obtained by removing an edge from the complete graph on 4 vertices. A graph is ($P_6$, diamond)-free if it contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to a six-vertex path or a diamond. In this paper we show that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-17 Jan Goedgebeur , Shenwei Huang , Yiao Ju , Owen Merkel

We present an algorithm to color a graph $G$ with no triangle and no induced $7$-vertex path (i.e., a $\{P_7,C_3\}$-free graph), where every vertex is assigned a list of possible colors which is a subset of $\{1,2,3\}$. While this is a…

It is an open problem whether the 3-coloring problem can be solved in polynomial time in the class of graphs that do not contain an induced path on $t$ vertices, for fixed $t$. We propose an algorithm that, given a 3-colorable graph without…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-14 Maria Chudnovsky , Oliver Schaudt , Sophie Spirkl , Maya Stein , Mingxian Zhong

The question of whether 3-Coloring can be solved in polynomial-time for the diameter two graphs is a well-known open problem in the area of algorithmic graph theory. We study the problem restricted to graph classes that avoid cycles of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Tereza Klimošová , Vibha Sahlot

The $3$-colourability problem is a well-known NP-complete problem and it remains NP-complete for $bull$-free graphs, where $bull$ is the graph consisting of $K_3$ with two pendant edges attached to two of its vertices. In this paper we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-22 Nadzieja Hodur , Monika Pilśniak , Magdalena Prorok , Ingo Schiermeyer

The NP-complete problems Colouring and k-Colouring $(k\geq 3$) are well studied on $H$-free graphs, i.e., graphs that do not contain some fixed graph $H$ as an induced subgraph. We research to what extent the known polynomial-time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Daniël Paulusma , Johannes Rauch , Erik Jan van Leeuwen

The complexity of testing whether a graph contains an induced odd cycle of length at least five is currently unknown. In this paper we show that this can be done in polynomial time if the input graph has no induced subgraph isomorphic to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-17 Maria Chudnovsky , Vaidy Sivaraman

For $k\geq 1$, a $k$-colouring $c$ of $G$ is a mapping from $V(G)$ to $\{1,2,\ldots,k\}$ such that $c(u)\neq c(v)$ for any two non-adjacent vertices $u$ and $v$. The $k$-Colouring problem is to decide if a graph $G$ has a $k$-colouring. For…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-21 Barnaby Martin , Daniel Paulusma , Siani Smith

A \emph{unichord} in a graph is an edge that is the unique chord of a cycle. A \emph{square} is an induced cycle on four vertices. A graph is \emph{unichord-free} if none of its edges is a unichord. We give a slight restatement of a known…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-02-05 Raphael C. S. Machado , Celina M. H. de Figueiredo , Nicolas Trotignon

We consider the class of Berge graphs that do not contain a chordless cycle of length $4$. We present a purely graph-theoretical algorithm that produces an optimal coloring in polynomial time for every graph in that class.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-23 Maria Chudnovsky , Irene Lo , Frederic Maffray , Nicolas Trotignon , Kristina Vuskovic

Let $s$ and $t$ be positive integers. We use $P_t$ to denote the path with $t$ vertices and $K_{1,s}$ to denote the complete bipartite graph with parts of size $1$ and $s$ respectively. The one-subdivision of $K_{1,s}$ is obtained by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-05 Maria Chudnovsky , Sophie Spirkl , Mingxian Zhong

We give a polynomial time algorithm that finds the maximum weight stable set in a graph that does not contain an induced path on seven vertices or a bull (the graph with vertices $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$, $e$ and edges $ab$, $bc$, $cd$, $be$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-23 Frédéric Maffray , Lucas Pastor