Related papers: Evaluating Model Checking Approaches to Verify Sta…
This paper presents the verification of control systems implemented in Simulink. The goal is to ensure that high-level requirements on control performance, like stability, are satisfied by the Simulink diagram. A two stage process is…
This paper presents the deductive formal verification of high-level properties of control systems with theorem proving, using the Why3 tool. Properties that can be verified with this approach include stability, feedback gain, and…
Matlab/Simulink is a development and simulation language that is widely used by the Cyber-Physical System (CPS) industry to model dynamical systems. There are two mainstream approaches to verify CPS Simulink models: model testing that…
Simulink is widely used in industrial design processes to model increasingly complex embedded control systems. Thus, their formal analysis is highly desirable. However, this comes with two major challenges: First, Simulink models often…
In the age of autonomously driving vehicles, functionality and complexity of embedded systems are increasing tremendously. Safety aspects become more important and require such systems to operate with the highest possible level of fault…
The development of embedded systems requires formal analysis of models such as those described with MATLAB/Simulink. However, the increasing complexity of industrial models makes analysis difficult. This paper proposes a model checking…
Switched systems are known to exhibit subtle (in)stability behaviors requiring system designers to carefully analyze the stability of closed-loop systems that arise from their proposed switching control laws. This paper presents a formal…
Design and control of autonomous systems that operate in uncertain or adversarial environments can be facilitated by formal modelling and analysis. Probabilistic model checking is a technique to automatically verify, for a given temporal…
In the railway domain, an interlocking is the system ensuring safe train traffic inside a station by controlling its active elements such as the signals or points. Modern interlockings are configured using particular data, called…
There are recent shifts in demand for design controllers from simplified to complex model-based. Although simplification approaches are successful in many areas of engineering control systems, high-fidelity simulation-based control design,…
We introduce a machine learning approach to model checking temporal logic, with application to formal hardware verification. Model checking answers the question of whether every execution of a given system satisfies a desired temporal logic…
While ensuring stability for linear systems is well understood, it remains a major challenge for nonlinear systems. A general approach in such cases is to compute a combination of a Lyapunov function and an associated control policy.…
Embedded software systems, e.g. automotive, robotic or automation systems are highly configurable and consist of many software components being available in different variants and versions. To identify the degree of reusability between…
We consider the problem of formally verifying almost-sure (a.s.) asymptotic stability in discrete-time nonlinear stochastic control systems. While verifying stability in deterministic control systems is extensively studied in the…
Neural network controllers have shown potential in achieving superior performance in feedback control systems. Although a neural network can be trained efficiently using deep and reinforcement learning methods, providing formal guarantees…
This article aims to provide a simple step-by-step guide highlighting the steps needed to verify a control system with formal verification tools. Starting from a description of the physical system and a control objective in natural…
In top-down multi-level design methodologies, design descriptions at higher levels of abstraction are incrementally refined to the final realizations. Simulation based techniques have traditionally been used to verify that such model…
Digital twins are becoming powerful tools in industrial applications, offering virtual representations of cyber-physical systems. However, verification of these models remains a significant challenge due to the potentially large datasets…
Model checking is an established technique to formally verify automation systems which are required to be trusted. However, for sufficiently complex systems model checking becomes computationally infeasible. On the other hand, testing,…
Model checking is a proven approach for checking whether the behavior model of a safety-critical system fulfills safety properties that are stated as LTL formulas.We propose rules for generating such LTL formulas automatically based on the…