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Emoticons are indispensable in online communications. With users' growing needs for more customized and expressive emoticons, recent messaging applications begin to support (limited) multi-modal emoticons: e.g., enhancing emoticons with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Pengcheng An , Ziqi Zhou , Qing Liu , Yifei Yin , Linghao Du , Da-Yuan Huang , Jian Zhao

The social connections people form online affect the quality of information they receive and their online experience. Although a host of socioeconomic and cognitive factors were implicated in the formation of offline social ties, few of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-03-11 Kristina Lerman , Megha Arora , Luciano Gallegos , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , David Garcia

Computer-mediated communication is driving fundamental changes in the nature of written language. We investigate these changes by statistical analysis of a dataset comprising 107 million Twitter messages (authored by 2.7 million unique user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-11-25 Jacob Eisenstein , Brendan O'Connor , Noah A. Smith , Eric P. Xing

It is important for machines to interpret human emotions properly for better human-machine communications, as emotion is an essential part of human-to-human communications. One aspect of emotion is reflected in the language we use. How to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Ji Ho Park

This study aimed to investigate the influence of the presence of informal language, such as emoticons and slang, on the performance of sentiment analysis models applied to social media text. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Aadil Gani Ganie

We introduce a generic, language-independent method to collect a large percentage of offensive and hate tweets regardless of their topics or genres. We harness the extralinguistic information embedded in the emojis to collect a large number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Hamdy Mubarak , Sabit Hassan , Shammur Absar Chowdhury

With the growth of social medias, such as Twitter, plenty of user-generated data emerge daily. The short texts published on Twitter -- the tweets -- have earned significant attention as a rich source of information to guide many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Sérgio Barreto , Ricardo Moura , Jonnathan Carvalho , Aline Paes , Alexandre Plastino

Research on metaphorical language has shown ties between abstractness and emotionality with regard to metaphoricity; prior work is however limited to the word and sentence levels, and up to date there is no empirical study establishing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Prisca Piccirilli , Sabine Schulte im Walde

The emoticons are symbolic representations that generally accompany the textual content to visually enhance or summarize the true intention of a written message. Although widely utilized in the realm of social media, the core semantics of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Ananya Pandey , Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma

Paraphrase generation, a.k.a. paraphrasing, is a common and important task in natural language processing. Emotional paraphrasing, which changes the emotion embodied in a piece of text while preserving its meaning, has many potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Justin J. Xie , Ameeta Agrawal

Social media are used as main discussion channels by millions of individuals every day. The content individuals produce in daily social-media-based micro-communications, and the emotions therein expressed, may impact the emotional states of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Emilio Ferrara , Zeyao Yang

Mobile messaging apps offer an increasing range of emotional expressions, such as emojis to help users manually augment their texting experiences. Accessibility of such augmentations is limited in voice messaging. With the term "speejis" we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Ilhan Aslan , Carla F. Griggio , Henning Pohl , Timothy Merritt , Niels van Berkel

Opinion mining on social media posts has become more and more popular. Users often express their opinion on a topic not only with words but they also use image symbols such as emoticons and emoji. In this paper, we investigate the effect of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Ilyos Rabbimov , Iosif Mporas , Vasiliki Simaki , Sami Kobilov

Emoji have grown to become one of the most important forms of communication on the web. With its widespread use, measuring the similarity of emoji has become an important problem for contemporary text processing since it lies at the heart…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Sanjaya Wijeratne , Lakshika Balasuriya , Amit Sheth , Derek Doran

Emotional contagion in online social networks has been of great interest over the past years. Previous studies have focused mainly on finding evidence of affect contagion in homophilic atmospheres. However, these studies have overlooked…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Belen Saldias , Rosalind W. Picard

The increasing use of dialogue agents makes it extremely desirable for them to understand and acknowledge the implied emotions to respond like humans with empathy. Chatbots using traditional techniques analyze emotions based on the context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Akhilesh Ravi , Amit Yadav , Jainish Chauhan , Jatin Dholakia , Naman Jain , Mayank Singh

Microblogs have become a social platform for people to express their emotions in real-time, and it is a trend to analyze user emotional tendencies from the information on Microblogs. The dynamic features of emojis can affect the sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Deng Yang , Liu Kejian , Yang Cheng , Feng Yuanyuan , Li Weihao

Leveraging Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) to simulate human behaviors when processing multimodal information, especially in the context of social media, has garnered immense interest due to its broad potential and far-reaching implications.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Hanjia Lyu , Weihong Qi , Zhongyu Wei , Jiebo Luo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world communication settings, yet their ability to resolve context-dependent ambiguity remains underexplored. In this work, we present EMODIS, a new benchmark for evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jiacheng Huang , Ning Yu , Xiaoyin Yi

Emojis are globally used non-verbal cues in digital communication, and extensive research has examined how large language models (LLMs) understand and utilize emojis across contexts. While usually associated with friendliness or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Shiyao Cui , Xijia Feng , Yingkang Wang , Junxiao Yang , Zhexin Zhang , Biplab Sikdar , Hongning Wang , Han Qiu , Minlie Huang