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Our goal is to enable social robots to interact autonomously with humans in a realistic, engaging, and expressive manner. The 12 Principles of Animation are a well-established framework animators use to create movements that make characters…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Till Hielscher , Andreas Bulling , Kai O. Arras

This paper introduces the unsupervised learning problem of playable video generation (PVG). In PVG, we aim at allowing a user to control the generated video by selecting a discrete action at every time step as when playing a video game. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Willi Menapace , Stéphane Lathuilière , Sergey Tulyakov , Aliaksandr Siarohin , Elisa Ricci

It has recently been shown that reinforcement learning can be used to train generators capable of producing high-quality game levels, with quality defined in terms of some user-specified heuristic. To ensure that these generators' output is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Sam Earle , Maria Edwards , Ahmed Khalifa , Philip Bontrager , Julian Togelius

In this paper we propose a new training loop for deep reinforcement learning agents with an evolutionary generator. Evolutionary procedural content generation has been used in the creation of maps and levels for games before. Our system…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Michael Cerny Green , Benjamin Sergent , Pushyami Shandilya , Vibhor Kumar

Reservoir computing is a form of machine learning particularly suited for time series analysis, including forecasting predictions. We take an implementation of \emph{quantum} reservoir computing that was initially designed to generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 João S. Ferreira , Pierre Fromholz , Hari Shaji , James R. Wootton

Game Description Generation (GDG) is the task of generating a game description written in a Game Description Language (GDL) from natural language text. Previous studies have explored generation methods leveraging the contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Tsunehiko Tanaka , Edgar Simo-Serra

The balancing process for game levels in competitive two-player contexts involves a lot of manual work and testing, particularly for non-symmetrical game levels. In this work, we frame game balancing as a procedural content generation task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Florian Rupp , Manuel Eberhardinger , Kai Eckert

Generating temporal action proposals remains a very challenging problem, where the main issue lies in predicting precise temporal proposal boundaries and reliable action confidence in long and untrimmed real-world videos. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Chuming Lin , Jian Li , Yabiao Wang , Ying Tai , Donghao Luo , Zhipeng Cui , Chengjie Wang , Jilin Li , Feiyue Huang , Rongrong Ji

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the capabilities of text comprehension and generation. Multi-modal generation attracts great attention from both the industry and academia, but there is little work on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xiaoteng Shen , Rui Zhang , Xiaoyan Zhao , Jieming Zhu , Xi Xiao

There are a range of metrics that can be applied to the artifacts produced by procedural content generation, and several of them come with qualitative claims. In this paper, we adapt a range of existing PCG metrics to generated Minecraft…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Jean-Baptiste Hervé , Christoph Salge

Player modelling is the field of study associated with understanding players. One pursuit in this field is affect prediction: the ability to predict how a game will make a player feel. We present novel improvements to affect prediction by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Natalie Bombardieri , Matthew Guzdial

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a versatile approach capable of accommodating diverse control requirements that holds significant promise for a broad spectrum of industrial applications. Noteworthy challenges associated with MPC include…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-28 Ryuta Moriyasu , Sho Kawaguchi , Kenji Kashima

This paper presents a level generation method for Super Mario by stitching together pre-generated "scenes" that contain specific mechanics, using mechanic-sequences from agent playthroughs as input specifications. Given a sequence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Michael Cerny Green , Luvneesh Mugrai , Ahmed Khalifa , Julian Togelius

Real-Time Strategy (RTS) game unit generation is an unexplored area of Procedural Content Generation (PCG) research, which leaves the question of how to automatically generate interesting and balanced units unanswered. Creating unique and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Kynan Sorochan , Matthew Guzdial

Recent advancements in generative modeling emphasize the importance of natural language as a highly expressive and accessible modality for controlling content generation. However, existing instructed reinforcement learning for procedural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Sung-Hyun Kim , Geum-Hwan Hwang , In-Chang Baek , Seo-Young Lee , Kyung-Joong Kim

Several families of continual learning techniques have been proposed to alleviate catastrophic interference in deep neural network training on non-stationary data. However, a comprehensive comparison and analysis of limitations remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Timm Hess , Martin Mundt , Iuliia Pliushch , Visvanathan Ramesh

The human brain exhibits a strong ability to spontaneously associate different visual attributes of the same or similar visual scene, such as associating sketches and graffiti with real-world visual objects, usually without supervising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Zhiqiang Chen , Guofan Fan , Jinying Gao , Lei Ma , Bo Lei , Tiejun Huang , Shan Yu

Recent research shows how diffusion models can unconditionally generate tile-based game levels, but use of diffusion models for text-to-level generation is underexplored. There are practical considerations for creating a usable model:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Jacob Schrum , Olivia Kilday , Emilio Salas , Bess Hagan , Reid Williams

Many games feature a progression of levels that doesn't adapt to the player. This can be problematic because some players may get stuck if the progression is too difficult, while others may find it boring if the progression is too slow to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Colan F. Biemer , Seth Cooper

Generating safety-critical scenarios is essential for testing and verifying the safety of autonomous vehicles. Traditional optimization techniques suffer from the curse of dimensionality and limit the search space to fixed parameter spaces.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Haolan Liu , Liangjun Zhang , Siva Kumar Sastry Hari , Jishen Zhao