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The rapid growth of e-commerce has made people accustomed to shopping online. Before making purchases on e-commerce websites, most consumers tend to rely on rating scores and review information to make purchase decisions. With this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Yingqiang Ge , Shuyuan Xu , Shuchang Liu , Zuohui Fu , Fei Sun , Yongfeng Zhang

We experimentally study how redistribution choices are affected by positive and negative information regarding the behaviour of a previous participant in a dictator game with a taking option. We use the strategy method to identify…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-08-01 Tanya O'Garra , Valerio Capraro , Praveen Kujal

We explore how an AI model's decision fairness affects people's engagement with and perceived fairness of the model if they are subject to its decisions, but could repeatedly and strategically respond to these decisions. Two types of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Meric Altug Gemalmaz , Ming Yin

As AI systems become more advanced and widely deployed, there will likely be increasing debate over whether AI systems could have conscious experiences, desires, or other states of potential moral significance. It is important to inform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Ethan Perez , Robert Long

Cooperation for public goods poses a dilemma, where individuals are tempted to free ride on others' contributions. Classic solutions involve monitoring, reputation maintenance and costly incentives, but there are important collective…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-04-30 Jeroen Bruggeman , Rudolf Sprik , Rick Quax

Oscillatory behaviors are ubiquitous in nature and the human society. However, most previous works fail to reproduce them in the two-strategy game-theoretical models. Here we show that oscillatory behaviors naturally emerge if incomplete…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-27 Jing Zhang , Zhao Li , Jiqiang Zhang , Lin Ma , Guozhong Zheng , Li Chen

The design of privacy mechanisms for two scenarios is studied where the private data is hidden or observable. In the first scenario, an agent observes useful data $Y$, which is correlated with private data $X$, and wants to disclose the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Amirreza Zamani , Tobias J. Oechtering , Mikael Skoglund

Employers are concerned not only with a prospective worker's ability, but also their propensity to avoid shirking. This paper proposes a new experimental framework to study how Principals trade-off measures of ability and prosocial behavior…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-03 Andrew Leal

Reputation plays a major role in human societies, and it has been proposed as an explanation for the evolution of cooperation. While the majority of previous studies equates reputation with a transparent and complete history of players'…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-20 Valerio Capraro , Francesca Giardini , Daniele Vilone , Mario Paolucci

The goal of this article is to investigate how human participants allocate their limited time to decisions with different properties. We report the results of two behavioral experiments. In each trial of the experiments, the participant…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-07-20 Arash Khodadadi , Pegah Fakhari , Jerome R. Busemeyer

The commitment power of senders distinguishes Bayesian persuasion problems from other games with (strategic) communication. Persuasion games with multiple senders have largely studied simultaneous commitment and signalling settings.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-02-15 Shih-Tang Su , Vijay G. Subramanian

Assuming humans are (approximately) rational enables robots to infer reward functions by observing human behavior. But people exhibit a wide array of irrationalities, and our goal with this work is to better understand the effect they can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Lawrence Chan , Andrew Critch , Anca Dragan

To take advantage of strategy commitment, a useful tactic of playing games, a leader must learn enough information about the follower's payoff function. However, this leaves the follower a chance to provide fake information and influence…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Yurong Chen , Xiaotie Deng , Yuhao Li

Social dilemmas are central to human society. Depletion of natural resources, climate protection, security of energy supply, and workplace collaborations are all examples of social dilemmas. Since cooperative behaviour in a social dilemma…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-24 Helene Barcelo , Valerio Capraro

Despite a growing desire among consumers to shop responsibly, translating this intention into behaviour remains challenging. Previous work has identified that information seeking (or lack thereof) is a contributing factor to this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Frans van der Sluis , Leif Azzopardi

When does society eventually learn the truth, or take the correct action, via observational learning? In a general model of sequential learning over social networks, we identify a simple condition for learning dubbed excludability.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-04-05 Navin Kartik , SangMok Lee , Tianhao Liu , Daniel Rappoport

We report on three pre-registered studies testing whether people in the position of describing a decision problem to decision-makers exploit this opportunity for their benefit, by choosing descriptions that may be potentially beneficial for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Valerio Capraro , Andrea Vanzo , Antonio Cabrales

Two different approaches to dealing with probabilistic knowledge are examined -models and inductive inference. Examples of the first are: influence diagrams [1], Bayesian networks [2], log-linear models [3, 4]. Examples of the second are:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-12 Norman C. Dalkey

Artificial intelligence (AI) is understood to affect the content of people's decisions. Here, using a behavioral implementation of the classic Newcomb's paradox in 1,305 participants, we show that AI can also change how people decide. In…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Aoi Naito , Hirokazu Shirado

We are witnessing an increasing use of data-driven predictive models to inform decisions. As decisions have implications for individuals and society, there is increasing pressure on decision makers to be transparent about their decision…