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In Fourier-based medical imaging, sampling below the Nyquist rate results in an underdetermined system, in which linear reconstructions will exhibit artifacts. Another consequence of under-sampling is lower signal to noise ratio (SNR) due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-04 Patrick Virtue , Michael Lustig

Constitutive model discovery refers to the task of identifying an appropriate model structure, usually from a predefined model library, while simultaneously inferring its material parameters. The data used for model discovery are measured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 David Anton , Henning Wessels , Ulrich Römer , Alexander Henkes , Jorge-Humberto Urrea-Quintero

Poisson distribution is used for modeling noise in photon-limited imaging. While canonical examples include relatively exotic types of sensing like spectral imaging or astronomy, the problem is relevant to regular photography now more than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-01-09 Tal Remez , Or Litany , Raja Giryes , Alex M. Bronstein

Verification of a quantum advantage in the presence of noise is a key open problem in the study of near-term quantum devices. In this work, we show how to assess the quality of photonic interference in a linear optical quantum device (boson…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 Jelmer J. Renema , Hui Wang , Jian Qin , Xiang You , Chaoyang Lu , Jianwei Pan

In the second paper of this series we extend our Bayesian reanalysis of the evidence for a cosmic variation of the fine structure constant to the semi-parametric modelling regime. By adopting a mixture of Dirichlet processes prior for the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-12 Ewan Cameron , Tony Pettitt

For cosmic shear to become an accurate cosmological probe, systematic errors in the shear measurement method must be unambiguously identified and corrected for. Previous work of this series has demonstrated that cosmic shears can be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Jun Zhang , Wentao Luo , Sebastien Foucaud

Scientific image tampering is a problem that affects not only authors but also the general perception of the research community. Although previous researchers have developed methods to identify tampering in natural images, these methods may…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Ziyue Xiang , Daniel E. Acuna

This paper deals with developing tests for checking whether an unknown system has certain structural properties. The tests that we are aiming at are in terms of noisy input-state-output data obtained from the unknown system. Since, in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-30 Jaap Eising , Harry Trentelman

I discuss an issue arising in analyzing data from astronomical surveys: accounting for measurement uncertainties in the properties of individual sources detected in a survey when making inferences about the entire population of sources.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Thomas J. Loredo

Atmospheric lidar observations provide a unique capability to directly observe the vertical column of cloud and aerosol scattering properties. Detector and solar background noise, however, hinder the ability of lidar systems to provide…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-06-21 Willem J. Marais , Robert E. Holz , Yu Hen Hu , Ralph E. Kuehn , Edwin E. Eloranta , Rebecca M. Willett

Weak lensing convergence maps - upon which higher order statistics can be calculated - can be recovered from observations of the shear field by solving the lensing inverse problem. For typical surveys this inverse problem is ill-posed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-08 Matthew A. Price , Xiaohao Cai , Jason D. McEwen , Thomas D. Kitching

Denoising extreme low light images is a challenging task due to the high noise level. When the illumination is low, digital cameras increase the ISO (electronic gain) to amplify the brightness of captured data. However, this in turn…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-13 Hao Guan , Liu Liu , Sean Moran , Fenglong Song , Gregory Slabaugh

A simple model for image formation in linear shift-invariant systems is considered, in which both the detected signal and the noise variance are varying slowly compared to the point-spread function of the system. It is shown that within the…

Medical Physics · Physics 2017-08-10 Timur Gureyev , Yakov Nesterets , Frank de Hoog

Inferring dependence structure through undirected graphs is crucial for uncovering the major modes of multivariate interaction among high-dimensional genomic markers that are potentially associated with cancer. Traditionally, conditional…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-04-04 Anindya Bhadra , Arvind Rao , Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani

Many astrophysical phenomena are time-varying, in the sense that their intensity, energy spectrum, and/or the spatial distribution of the emission suddenly change. This paper develops a method for modeling a time series of images. Under the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-24 Cong Xu , Hans Moritz Günther , Vinay L. Kashyap , Thomas C. M. Lee , Andreas Zezas

A crucial aspect of mass-mapping, via weak lensing, is quantification of the uncertainty introduced during the reconstruction process. Properly accounting for these errors has been largely ignored to date. We present a new method to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-16 Matthew A. Price , Jason D. McEwen , Xiaohao Cai , Thomas D. Kitching , Christopher G. R. Wallis

We analyze lensless imaging systems with estimation-theoretic techniques based on Fisher information. Our analysis evaluates multiple optical encoder designs on objects with varying sparsity, in the context of both Gaussian and Poisson…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Leyla A. Kabuli , Nalini M. Singh , Laura Waller

A variational Bayesian inference for measured wave intensity, such as X-ray intensity, is proposed in this paper. The data is popular to obtain information about unobservable features of an object, such as a material sample and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Akinori Asahara , Yoshihiro Osakabe , Yamamoto Mitsuya , Hidekazu Morita

Inferring unknown conic sections on the basis of noisy data is a challenging problem with applications in computer vision. A major limitation of the currently available methods for conic sections is that estimation methods rely on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-05 Subharup Guha , Sujit K. Ghosh

We present an algorithm capable of detecting diffuse, dim sources of any size in an astronomical image. These sources often defeat traditional methods for source finding, which expand regions around points of high intensity. Extended…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-05 T. Butler-Yeoman , M. Frean , C. P. Hollitt , D. W. Hogg , M. Johnston-Hollitt