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We introduce a novel diffusion model for the propagation of cosmic rays (CRs) that incorporates an anisotropic diffusion tensor of a general form within a realistically modeled large-scale Galactic magnetic field. The parameters of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-22 V. D. Borisov , V. O. Yurovsky , I. A. Kudryashov

We investigate the anisotropic diffusion of cosmic rays in the large-scale Galactic magnetic field, where diffusion occurs at different rates along and across the magnetic field lines. To model this process, we use stochastic differential…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-17 Ala'a AL-Zetoun

Research in many areas of modern physics and astrophysics such as, e.g., indirect searches for dark matter (DM), particle acceleration in SNR shocks, and the spectrum and origin of extragalactic gamma-ray background, rely heavily on studies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-03-19 Igor V. Moskalenko

The propagation of charged cosmic rays through the Galactic environment influences all aspects of the observation at Earth. Energy spectrum, composition and arrival directions are changed due to deflections in magnetic fields and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 Lukas Merten , Julia Becker Tjus , Horst Fichtner , Björn Eichmann , Günter Sigl

An extensive program for the calculation of galactic cosmic-ray propagation has been developed. Primary and secondary nucleons, primary and secondary electrons, secondary positrons and antiprotons are included. Fragmentation and energy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. W. Strong , I. V. Moskalenko

Galactic transport models for cosmic rays involve the diffusive motion of these particles in the interstellar medium. Due to the large-scale structured galactic magnetic field this diffusion is anisotropic with respect to the local field…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-06-07 Frederic Effenberger , Horst Fichtner , Klaus Scherer , Ingo Büsching

In this work we develop a new propagation model for the Galactic cosmic rays based on the GALPROP code, including contributions from dark matter annihilation. The model predicts compatible Galactic diffuse $\gamma$ ray spectra with EGRET…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Xiao-Jun Bi , Juan Zhang , Qiang Yuan

We discuss the problem of polarized radiative transfer in general relativity. We present a set of equations suitable for solving the problem numerically for the case of an arbitrary space-time metric, and show numerical solutions to example…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-28 Pauli Pihajoki , Antti Rantala , Peter H. Johansson

Cosmic-ray transport in astrophysical environments is often dominated by the diffusion of particles in a magnetic field composed of both a turbulent and a mean component. This process, which is two-fold turbulent mixing in that the particle…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-14 P. Reichherzer , L. Merten , J. Dörner , J. Becker Tjus , M. J. Pueschel , E. G. Zweibel

Transport equation of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) is numerically solved for qA>0 and qA<0 based on the stochastic differential equation (SDE) method. We have developed a fully time-dependent and three-dimensional code adapted for the wavy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Shoko Miyake , Shohei Yanagita

Information on cosmic-ray (CR) composition comes from direct CR measurements while their distribution in the Galaxy is evaluated from observations of their associated diffuse emission in the range from radio to gamma rays. Even though the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-03-06 Elena Orlando , Gudlaugur Johannesson , Igor V. Moskalenko , Troy A. Porter , Andrew Strong

The standard approach to cosmic-ray (CR) propagation in the Galaxy is based on the assumption that local transport properties can be extrapolated to the whole CR confining volume. Such models tend to underestimate the gamma-ray flux above…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-06 Daniele Gaggero , Alfredo Urbano , Mauro Valli , Piero Ullio

In this paper we exactly solve the diffusion-advection equation for cosmic-ray transport. With this purpose we use the Theory of Ultradistributions of J. Sebastiao e Silva, to give a general solution for this equation. From this solution,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-11-16 M. C. Rocca , A. Plastino , A. R. Plastino , A. L. De Paoli

An extensive program for the calculation of galactic cosmic-ray propagation has been developed. This is a continuation of the work described in Strong & Youssefi (1995). The main motivation for developing this code is the prediction of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 A. W. Strong , I. V. Moskalenko

Interstellar synchrotron emission depends on Galactic magnetic fields and on cosmic-ray leptons. Observations of radio emission are an important tool for studying cosmic-ray propagation models and interstellar electron spectrum and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2013-07-24 Elena Orlando , Andrew W. Strong

Cosmic rays (CRs) are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium (ISM) of nearby galaxies, but many of their properties are not well-constrained. Gamma-ray observations provide a powerful tool in this respect, allowing us to constrain both the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-19 Maria Werhahn , Philipp Girichidis , Christoph Pfrommer , Joseph Whittingham

Gamma-ray measurements from GeV to PeV energies have provided us with a wealth of information on diffuse emission and sources in the Universe lately. With improved spatial and temporal resolutions together with real-time multimessenger…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-02 Julia Becker Tjus , Julien Dörner , Leander Schlegel , Wolfgang Rhode

Recent direct measurements of Galactic cosmic ray spectra by balloon/space-borne detectors reveal spectral hardenings of all major nucleus species at rigidities of a few hundred GV. The all-sky diffuse gamma-ray emissions measured by the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-21 Yi-Qing Guo , Qiang Yuan

We investigate the impact of the recently published ISRF model of the Milky Way by Popescu et al. on the CR electrons and positrons in the context of cosmic-ray transport modelling. We also study predictions for diffuse Galactic gamma…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-03 Felix Niederwanger , Olaf Reimer , Ralf Kissmann , Andrew W. Strong , Cristina C. Popescu , Richard Tuffs

The spectral data on the diffuse Galactic gamma-rays, at medium and high latitudes (|b| > 10) and energies of 1-100 GeV, recently published by the Fermi Collaboration are used to produce a novel study on the gamma-ray emissivity in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-10-28 Maryam Tavakoli , Ilias Cholis , Carmelo Evoli , Piero Ullio