Related papers: The simplest 3-3-1 model
The standard model has for massless quarks and leptons "miraculously" no triangle anomalies due to the fact that the sum of all possible traces $Tr [\tau^{Ai}$$ \tau^{Bj}$$ \tau^{Ck}]$ --- where $\tau^{Ai}, \tau^{Bi}$ and $\tau^{Ck}$ are…
We include the standard-model (SM) leptons in a recently proposed framework for the generation of quark mass ratios and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) mixing angles from an SU(3) family gauge interaction. The set of SM-singlet scalar…
A plethora of ultraviolet completions of the Standard Model have extra U(1) gauge symmetries. In general, the associated massive $Z^\prime$ gauge boson can mediate flavor-changing neutral current processes at tree level. We consider a…
The gauge group of strong and electroweak interactions in Nature could be any of the four that share the same Lie algebra, $SU(3)_c\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y/Z_p\equiv G_p$ with $Z_p=\left\{Z_6,Z_3,Z_2,Z_1\right\}$. Each of these cases…
We explore the recently proposed gauge symmetry \( SU(3)_C \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes SU(3)_R \otimes U(1)_X \), which naturally embeds both the Left-Right symmetric model and the 3-3-1 model as subgroups. Within this unified framework, we…
Supersymmetry solves the gauge hierarchy problem of the Standard Model if the masses of supersymmetric partners of the SM particles are close to the weak scale. In this thesis, we argue that the supersymmetric Standard Model, while avoiding…
Within the framework of a Beyond Standard Model (BSM) with a local $SU(3)$ family symmetry, we report an updated fit of parameters which account for the known spectrum of quarks and charged lepton masses and the quark mixing in a $4\times…
We show that in 3-3-1 models there exist a natural relation among the $SU(3)_L$ coupling constant $g$, the electroweak mixing angle $\theta_W$, the mass of the $W$, and one of the vacuum expectation values, which implies that those models…
This work is devoted for gauge boson sector of the recently proposed model based on SU(3)_C X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X group with minimal content of leptons and Higgses. The limits on the masses of the bilepton gauge bosons and on the mixing angle…
We investigate charge quantization in the Standard Model (SM) through a $\mathbb{CP}^2$ nonlinear sigma model (NLSM), $SU(3)_G/(SU(2)_H \times U(1)_H)$, and a $\mathbb{CP}^3$ model, $SU(4)_G/(SU(3)_H \times U(1)_H)$. We also generalize to…
We discuss a model in which the Standard Model (SM) Higgs sector has been extended by additional real and complex triplets. The $\rho\approx 1$ constraint is satisfied by restricting the potential to have an enlarged $\hisym $ global…
Building upon previous works, it is shown that two minimal left ideals of the complex Clifford algebra $\mathbb{C}\ell(6)$ and two minimal right ideals of $\mathbb{C}\ell(4)$ transform as one generation of leptons and quarks under the gauge…
In this report the SU(3)_C X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X gauge model with minimal scalar sector, two Higgs triplets, is presented in detail. One of the vacuum expectation values $u$ is a source of lepton-number violations and a reason for mixing among…
We consider a quark-lepton symmetry model of unification of the strong and electromagnetic interactions. The model has the gauge group $SU(4)\times U(1)_{Y}$ and the minimal Higgs structure consisting of one complex quartet of scalar…
Low energy linear seesaw mechanism responsible for the generation of the tiny active neutrino masses, is implemented in the extended 3-3-1 model with two scalar triplets and right handed Majorana neutrinos where the gauge symmetry is…
We put forward a model, or rather a relatively broad class of models, beyond the Standard Model based on the two main assumptions: MPP) The coupling constants should be fixed such as to ensure that there be many ``vacuum states'', i.e.…
Two main ingredients of current particle physics such as local gauge symmetry and mass generation via the Higgs mechanism being basic ground of the Standard Model are widely confirmed by experimental data. However, some problems such as…
We present a supersymmetric 3-3-1 model with exotic quarks and a charged lepton as an extension of the MSSM model with anomaly free three generations The scalar sector is studied with six triplet Higgses and the mass spectrum for light…
We show that the economical 3-3-1 model poses a very high new physics scale of the order of 1000~TeV due to the constraint on the flavor-changing neutral current. The implications of the model for neutrino masses, inflation, leptogenesis,…
One of the most important and unanswered problems in particle physics is the origin of the three generations of quarks and leptons. The standard Model does not provide any hint regarding its sequential charge assignments, which remain a…