Related papers: The simplest 3-3-1 model
We present an extension of the Standard Model to the local gauge group $SU(3)_c\otimes SU(4)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ with a family non-universal treatment and anomalies canceled among the three families in a nontrivial fashion. The mass scales,…
We show that some models with $SU(3)_C\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry can be realized at the electroweak scale and that this is a consequence of an approximate global $SU(2)_{L+R}$ symmetry. This symmetry implies a condition…
We present a 3-3-1 model as a subgroup of SU(4)PS X SU(4)L+R gauge symmetry with symmetry-breaking pattern SU(4)->SU(3) X U(1) for both SU(4) groups. A Pleitez-Frampton type of 3C-3L-1X model is obtained with charged heavy leptons and…
We study an extension of the gauge group SU(3)_c X SU(2)_L X U(1)_Y of the standard model to the symmetry group SU(3)_c X SU(4)_L X U(1)_X (3-4-1 for short). This extension provides an interesting attempt to answer the question of family…
A new flipped $SU(3)_C\otimes SU(4)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ model without exotic electric charges is proposed. All the quarks families are arranged in the same representation while leptons generations are in different representations leading to a…
In the original version of the minimal SU(3)_C x SU(3)_L x U(1)_N model the masses of all quarks are correctly obtained by introducing three scalar triplets into the model, meanwhile the lepton mass generation requires the introduction of…
We build the complete supersymmetric version of a 3-3-1 gauge model using the superfield formalism. We point out that a discrete symmetry, similar to the R-symmetry in the minimal supersymmetric standard model, is possible to be defined in…
We study $b \to s \ell_1^+ \ell_2^-$ transitions, both for the lepton flavour conserving $\ell_1=\ell_2$ and violating case $\ell_1 \neq \ell_2$, in a minimal extension of the Standard Model proposed in [1]. In this framework, the Standard…
This paper includes two main parts. In the first part, we present generalized gauge models based on SU(3)_C x SU(4)_L x U(1)_X (3-4-1) gauge group with arbitrary electric charge of leptons. The mixing matrix of neutral gauge bosons is…
We study previously unconsidered 3-3-1 models which are characterized by each lepton generation having a different representation under the gauge group. Flavor-changing neutral currents in the lepton sector occur in these models. To satisfy…
The Pisano-Pleitez-Frampton 3-3-1 model is revisited here within the framework of the general method for solving gauge models with high symmetries. This exact algebraical approach - proposed several years ago by one of us - was designed to…
We show that the SU(3)_C X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X (3-3-1) model of strong and electroweak interactions can naturally accommodate an extra U(1)_N symmetry behaving as a gauge symmetry. Resulting theory based on SU(3)_C X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X X U(1)_N…
In this work we study an effective version of the 3-3-1 model, in which the particle content is the same of the 2HDM. We show that the inherited structure from the $SU(3)_C \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X$ gauge group has a series of…
In this work we present an extension of the Standard model as a local gauge group SU(3)c x SU(4)L x U(1)X embedded in SU(3)c x SU(4)L x U(1)Y0 x U(1)B-L gauge group. The U(1)Y0 gauge symmetry is introduced to obtain an anomaly-free three-…
We study the minimal set of Higgs scalars, for models based on the local gauge group $SU(3)_c \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X$ which do not contain particles with exotic electric charges. We show that only two Higgs $SU(3)_L$ triplets are…
In a minimal extension of the Standard Model, in which new neutral fermions have been introduced, we show that the requirement of vanishing anomalies fixes the hypercharges of all fermions uniquely. This naturally leads to electric charge…
We consider a deformation of the Third Family Hypercharge Model, which arguably makes the model more natural. Additional non-zero charges of the spontaneously broken, family-dependent $U(1)_F$ gauge symmetry are assigned to the second…
We show a possibility for the charge quantization of the standard model (SM) particles. If a global symmetry makes the three copies of a generation and supersymmetry (SUSY) relates the Higgs boson to a lepton, all the charges of the SM…
We propose a renormalizable theory based on the $SU(3)_C\times SU(3)_L\times U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry, supplemented by the spontaneously broken $U(1)_{L_g}$ global lepton number symmetry and the $S_3 \times Z_2 $ discrete group, which…
We discuss a new SU(3)_C X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X X U(1)_N (3-3-1-1) gauge model that overhauls the theoretical and phenomenological aspects of the known 3-3-1 models. Additionally, we sift the outcome of the 3-3-1-1 model from precise…