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Mass-independent isotopic anomalies of carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous meteorites show a clear dichotomy suggesting an efficient separation of the inner and outer solar system. Observations show that ring-like structures in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-14 André Izidoro , Bertram Bitsch , Rajdeep Dasgupta

Global models of planet formation tend to begin with an initial set of planetary embryos for the sake simplicity. While this approach gives valuable insights on the evolution of the initial embryos, the initial distribution itself is a bold…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-26 Oliver Voelkel , Hubert Klahr , Christoph Mordasini , Alexandre Emsenhuber

The final stage of planet formation is dominated by collisions between planetary embryos. The dynamics of this stage determine the orbital configuration and the mass and composition of planets in the system. In the solar system, late giant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-22 Robert A. Marcus , Sarah T. Stewart , Dimitar Sasselov , Lars Hernquist

Standard models of planet formation explain how planets form in axisymmetric, unperturbed disks in single star systems. However, it is possible that giant planets could have already formed when other planetary embryos start to grow. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-01 Kangrou Guo , Eiichiro Kokubo

The thermochemical evolution of planetesimals is an underprobed stage of volatile delivery to terrestrial planets during their formation, and may contribute to the volatile depletion of the Earth relative to primitive chondrites. We have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-29 Bo Peng , Diana Valencia

Planetesimal accretion during planet formation is usually treated as collisionless. Such accretion from a uniform and dynamically cold disk predicts protoplanets with slow retrograde rotation. However, if the building blocks of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-01-19 Hilke E. Schlichting , Re'em Sari

In the conventional theory of planet formation, it is assumed that protoplanetary disks are axisymmetric and have a smooth radial profile. However, recent radio observations of protoplanetary disks have revealed that many of them have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-11 Tenri Jinno , Takayuki R. Saitoh , Yota Ishigaki , Junichiro Makino

No planets exist inside the orbit of Mercury and the terrestrial planets of the solar system exhibit a localized configuration. According to thermal structure calculation of protoplanetary disks, a silicate condensation line (~ 1300 K) is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-16 Masahiro Ogihara , Eiichiro Kokubo , Takeru K. Suzuki , Alessandro Morbidelli

Reproducing the large Earth/Mars mass ratio requires a strong mass depletion in solids within the protoplanetary disk between 1 and 3 AU. The Grand Tack model invokes a specific migration history of the giant planets to remove most of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-23 André Izidoro , Sean N. Raymond , Alessandro Morbidelli , Othon C. Winter

We model the early stages of planet formation in the Solar System, including continual planetesimal formation, and planetesimal and pebble accretion onto planetary embryos in an evolving disk driven by a disk wind. The aim is to constrain…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-22 John Chambers

Though ~10 Earth mass rocky/icy cores are commonly held as a prerequisite for the formation of gas giants, theoretical models still struggle to explain how these embryos can form within the lifetimes of gaseous circumstellar disks. In…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 K. A. Kretke , H. F. Levison

The composition of giant planets' atmospheres is an important tracer of their formation history. While many theoretical studies investigate the heavy-element accretion within a gaseous protoplanetary disk, the possibility of solid accretion…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-17 S. Shibata , R. Helled

The ongoing discovery of terrestrial exoplanets accentuates the importance of studying planetary evolution for a wide range of initial conditions. We perform thermal evolution simulations for generic terrestrial planets with masses ranging…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-31 Joseph G. O'Rourke , Jun Korenaga

We investigate the outcome of collisions of Ceres-sized planetesimals composed of a rocky core and a shell of water ice. These collisions are not only relevant for explaining the formation of planetary embryos in early planetary systems,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Thomas I. Maindl , Rudolf Dvorak , Christoph Schäfer , Roland Speith

Two fundamentally different processes of rocky planet formation exist, but it is unclear which one built the terrestrial planets of the solar system. Either they formed by collisions among planetary embryos from the inner solar system, or…

Context. The localized formation of planetesimals can be triggered with the help of streaming instability when the local pebble density is high. This can happen at various locations in the disk leading to the formation of local planetesimal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-05 Nicolas Kaufmann , Octavio M. Guilera , Yann Alibert , Irina L. San Sebastián

Planet formation encompasses processes that span a remarkable 40 magnitudes in mass, ranging from collisions between micron-sized grains inherited from the ISM to the accretion of gas by giant planets. The planet formation process takes…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-18 Chris Ormel

It is reasonable to assume that the structure of a planet and the interior distribution of its components are determined by its formation history. We thus follow the growth of a planet from a small embryo through its subsequent evolution.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-03 Michael Lozovsky , Dina Prialnik , Morris Podolak

In general, most of the studies of terrestrial-type planet formation typically use ad hoc initial conditions. In this work we improved the initial conditions described in Ronco & de El\'ia (2014) starting with a semi-analytical model wich…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-15 María Paula Ronco , Gonzalo Carlos de Elía , Octavio Miguel Guilera

Massive cores of the giant planets are thought to have formed in a gas disk by accretion of pebble-size particles whose accretional cross-section is enhanced by aerodynamic gas drag [1][2]. A commonly held view is that the terrestrial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-24 M. Brož , O. Chrenko , D. Nesvorný , N. Dauphas
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